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doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Sun, 26 Nov 2023 17:08:10 -0800
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6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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1 Network-internal short dialing numbers
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
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2 ======================================
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
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3
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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4 In addition to obviously necessary support for standard E.164 phone numbers
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
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5 (assigning real NANP numbers to local subscribers, calling any other NANP
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
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6 numbers whether they are local or not, calling international numbers outside of
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
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7 NANP), ThemWi system sw implements an additional, entirely private and network-
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
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8 internal, numbering space for 4-digit short dialing numbers. Any time a ThemWi
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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9 GSM subscriber dials a number that consists of only (exactly) 4 digits, that
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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10 short number is looked up in this private ThemWi-defined numbering space.
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
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11
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
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12 In the present implementation, three different types of numbers can exist in
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
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13 this private, network-internal short 4-digit number space, each described in
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
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14 its own section below.
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15
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16 Abbreviated NANP numbers
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17 ------------------------
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18
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
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19 If you have a bunch of real NANP numbers from the same NPA-NXX prefix, you can
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
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20 enter them into the master database of locally owned numbers (see
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21 Number-database article) using this notation:
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22
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23 prefix NPA-NXX allow-abbrev
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24
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25 If the 'allow-abbrev' flag keyword is included, each NANP number entered under
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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26 this prefix (each following suffix line) gets added to the short 4-digit number
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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27 space: in addition to the standard option of dialing all 10 digits, the same
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28 number can be reached by dialing only the last 4 digits, considered to be the
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
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29 "station" part of the number (under a given "exchange") per NANP rules.
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
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30
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31 You do need to be careful with this facility, as conflicting numbers are not
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32 allowed. Enabling allow-abbrev mode makes sense under the following conditions:
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33
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34 1) You have one preferred NPA-NXX prefix, presumably corresponding to your
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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35 geographic locality, and you reserve all of your native numbers (via BulkVS
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
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36 portal or equivalent from other providers) from that one preferred prefix.
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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37 In this case you should set allow-abbrev on your "home" prefix, but whenever
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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38 you have to add non-native numbers to your network (customer port-ins etc),
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
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39 those don't get the abbreviated dialing option, only full10.
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
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40
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41 2) You may enable allow-abbrev for more than one prefix if you reserve your
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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42 numbers from multiple prefixes in a judicious manner, selecting 4-digit
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43 suffixes that don't overlap across your two (or more) prefixes.
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44
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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45 Internal test numbers (ITNs)
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
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46 ----------------------------
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47
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48 An ITN is a 4-digit short dialing number (meaningful only inside your local GSM
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49 network) that is assigned to a GSM subscriber and entered as such (4 digits
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50 only) into OsmoHLR subscriber database. When ITNs are used, a GSM subscriber
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51 who gets an ITN is *not* given a real NANP telephone number, and thus cannot
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52 make any calls to or receive any calls from the outside world.
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53
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54 Our own Themyscira Wireless operation does not presently use any ITNs. This
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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55 facility was invented before we realized how cheap NANP numbers can be when they
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
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56 are ordered "raw" or "bare": a basic reservation of a real 10-digit NANP number
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57 from BulkVS *without* E911 provision and without SMS capability (regular,
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
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58 non-emergency calls only) costs only $0.06 (6 cents) per number per month. At
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59 this insanely cheap price, it makes no sense to introduce ITNs, it is easier to
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60 give a real NANP number to every GSM subscriber including lab-use-only test
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61 SIMs - but the Mother does not believe in removing implemented functionality
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62 without extremely strong justification, hence support for ITNs remains in our
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63 software.
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64
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65 To define an ITN, enter a line like this into your master database of locally
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66 owned numbers:
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67
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68 itn XXXX
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69
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70 where XXXX is the 4-digit number to be defined as an ITN.
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71
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72 Test sink numbers
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73 -----------------
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74
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75 A test sink number is a private, network-internal 4-digit number that is
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76 intended to serve as a destination or "sink" for test calls and test SMS. Any
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77 calls dialed to a test sink number will be handled by a special process which
6f28a4377a99 doc/Local-short-numbers: first draft written
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78 only exists for that purpose (remains to be implemented), and any SMS sent to a
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79 test sink number will be simply written into log-structured storage without any
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80 further delivery to anywhere. The purpose of test sink numbers is to exercise
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81 outgoing call and outgoing SMS functions of GSM MS without needing a "real"
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82 second party to serve as the recipient.
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83
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84 To define a test sink number, enter a line like this into your master database
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85 of locally owned numbers:
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86
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87 test-sink XXXX
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88
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89 where XXXX is the 4-digit number to be defined as a test sink.
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90
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91 Historical perspective
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92 ======================
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93
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94 In the original design of ThemWi system sw, 4-digit short dialing numbers were
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95 intended to be ITNs only, forming an internal-only numbering space that is
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96 entirely disjoint from public E.164 numbers. Operating on the assumption that
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97 external NANP numbers would be expensive, the design model was that every GSM
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98 subscriber would have an ITN, and then additionally some subscriber lines (those
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99 belonging to human users, rather than lab test SIMs) would be given real
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100 external phone numbers in NANP. The fixed 4-digit length for internal short
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101 numbers was chosen, contrary to the apparent custom in Osmocom community of
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102 using 5-digit numbers for such internal "extensions", because a 5-digit number
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103 can be a valid SMS short code in USA, and human users of Themyscira Wireless GSM
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104 service need to be able to access these SMS short-code public services just like
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105 customers of any other cell carrier in this country.
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106
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107 Shortly after beginning to implement the initial design described above, we
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108 discovered how cheap real NANP numbers actually are, and got a batch of numbers
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109 from our choice of NPA-NXX prefix. We were then sitting on a batch of numbers
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110 that had the same 6-digit prefix, but different 4-digit suffixes, and that was
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111 how we got the idea of abbreviated dialing numbers: instead of completely
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112 made-up ITNs, allow "home block" NANP numbers to be dialed (from one local GSM
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113 phone to another) by just the last 4 digits of the external, globally valid
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114 E.164 number.
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115
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116 Test sink numbers are our latest-so-far addition to the network-internal 4-digit
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117 dialing number space, and we have yet to implement them beyond mere definition
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118 in the local number database.