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doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Mon, 22 Mar 2021 21:30:42 +0000
parents da6e9d0b2ee6
children 6ccc4d952830
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b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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1 The current programmable SIM card model sold by Sysmocom in their webshop
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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2 (sysmoISIM-SJA2) is probably good for people who run their own cellular networks
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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3 of the LTE/5G kind, but it is NOT a good choice for those of us who are only
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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4 interested in GSM/2G, to the exclusion of all later G's:
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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5
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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6 * The triple-cut physical form factor is inferior (compared to solid-piece 2FF
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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7 without 3FF or 4FF cuts) for use in classic GSM/2G phones with 2FF SIM
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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8 sockets.
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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9
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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10 * The presence of unwanted USIM and ISIM applications with their associated
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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11 ADF.USIM and ADF.ISIM file systems is very unpleasant: it forces us to either
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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12 study up on completely unwanted-to-us USIM and ISIM specs and program all
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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13 those files to something sensible (and just what would be sensible programming
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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14 of USIM and ISIM files for a 2G-only network that exists solely to provide
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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15 service to classic GSM/2G phones?), plus expend oodles of time and effort to
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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16 develop the necessary programming tools that can write all those files under
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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17 ADF.USIM and ADF.ISIM, or leave all those files unprogrammed, and take a
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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18 gamble if someone sticks the partially-programmed card (classic SIM
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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19 programmed, USIM and ISIM left unprogrammed) into a phone that knows about
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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20 USIM and/or ISIM.
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22 * Some of the advertising which Sysmocom prints on their current webshop cards,
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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23 plus the very name sysmoISIM (emphasizing and glorifying ISIM rather than
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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24 plain SIM) is offensive at least to me (Mother Mychaela), and should be
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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25 offensive to any truly devoted lover of classic GSM/2G technology.
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27 Because of the above considerations, we (FreeCalypso) are currently in the
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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28 process of getting our own community SIMs made, to serve as an alternative to
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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29 Sysmocom webshop product. Our FreeCalypso community SIMs are currently as of
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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30 this writing (2021-03) being made for us by Grcard in China, they are a GSM-only
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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31 SIM card model (GrcardSIM2) without USIM/ISIM (they don't speak UICC protocol
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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32 at all, yay!), and we are having them made in a 2FF-only cut, meaning that the
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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33 2FF piece is fully solid.
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35 However, despite our general dislike of Sysmocom's current USIM/ISIM-centric
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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36 product and our ongoing effort to produce a GSM/2G-centric alternative, we do
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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37 have some support in FC SIM tools for Sysmocom's current sysmoISIM-SJA2 card
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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38 and for their previous sysmoUSIM-SJS1 model. This limited support exists
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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39 because these webshop cards are very readily and inexpensively available, and
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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40 because of natural human curiosity - we've been playing with these readily
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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41 available Sysmocom webshop cards while enduring the long delays involved in our
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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42 Grcard-based quest for a better alternative.
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43
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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44 Sysmocom webshop card database
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45 ==============================
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47 Whenever you buy a 10-pack of sysmoUSIM-SJS1 or sysmoISIM-SJA2 cards from
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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48 Sysmocom webshop, they send you an email with per-card identities and keys.
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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49 The information in that email is essential for doing any kind of admin writes
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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50 to the cards (the necessary ADM1 key is randomly assigned per card), and also
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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51 for any CHV2 operations: the randomly assigned PIN1 and PUK1 are printed on the
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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52 plastic, but not PIN2 or PUK2, which are also randomly assigned.
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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53
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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54 To reduce the need for manual lookups in email data, we have implemented a tool
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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55 that converts Sysmocom webshop emails into our own database format, and we have
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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56 integrated support for this database into fc-simtool. (Replicating the same
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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57 functionality in fc-uicc-tool, as would be appropriate for these UICC-native
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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58 cards, is on the to-do list.)
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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59
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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60 Sysmocom webshop emails with USIM/ISIM card key material feature a MIME
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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61 multipart/alternative structure with text/plain and text/html parts, with each
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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62 part further encoded in base64. To extract the bits of interest and convert
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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63 them into our sws-card-db format, follow these steps:
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
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65 1) Extract the text/plain portion from the MIME structure and decode it from
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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66 base64.
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68 2) Open the extracted and decoded text/plain email portion in your favourite
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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69 text editor and find the heading block of 19 lines, beginning with a line
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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70 that reads "IMSI" and ending with a line that reads "KIK3". (If you bought
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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71 the cheaper option without ADM and OTA keys, there will only be 9 lines here,
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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72 starting with IMSI and ending with OPC.) Then there should be a blank line,
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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73 followed by 19 lines of data per card (or 9 lines for sans-ADM/OTA variant),
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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74 with blank lines separating each card data block from the next. Extract the
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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75 portion beginning with the heading block and ending with the last card data
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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76 block in the batch.
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77
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78 3) Feed the data extract from the previous step to our sws-email2db utility.
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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79
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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80 sms-email2db sends its output to stdout, thus you should run it like this
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81
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82 sws-email2db email_extract.txt >> /opt/freecalypso/sim-data/sws-card-db
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83
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84 If you have bought multiple card batches from Sysmocom over the years, you will
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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85 need to collect those old emails and repeat the extraction procedure for each of
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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86 them, using the '>>' form of output redirection to gather all data in one
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 18
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87 sws-card-db file. Edit the finished database file with vi if necessary.
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88
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89 Using fc-simtool to program Sysmocom webshop cards
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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90 ==================================================
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91
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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92 Even though it is a UICC-native card that clearly prefers being admin-programmed
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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93 via the UICC protocol, sysmoISIM-SJA2 allows its ADM1 PIN to be entered in a
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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94 GSM 11.11 SIM protocol session with a VERIFY CHV command with P2=0x0A.
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
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95 Therefore, the command to enter sysmoISIM-SJA2 ADM1 manually in fc-simtool is:
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96
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97 verify-ext 10 xxxxxxxx
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98
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99 Unlike the situation with sysmoUSIM-SJS1 (see below), there are no restrictions
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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100 as to when this command may be given in an fc-simtool session.
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101
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102 The above is the manual command, requiring the operator to manually look up the
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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103 correct ADM1 key for the card being programmed. However, if you have your
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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104 sws-card-db file initialized with data from email per above instructions, you
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105 can authenticate with ADM1 as simply as:
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106
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107 sws-auth-adm1
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108
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109 This command reads the ICCID record from the card (totally immutable on SJA2
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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110 cards, and always readable without depending on CHV1 status), looks up this
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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111 ICCID in sws-card-db, and sends a VERIFY CHV P2=0x0A command to the card with
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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112 ADM1 extracted from the card db record.
b9fc7022f9ac doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes: update for current situation
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113
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114 The following additional commands are available that work in a similar manner:
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115
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116 sws-auth-pin1 -- send VERIFY CHV1 with PIN1 from sws-card-db
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117 sws-auth-pin2 -- send VERIFY CHV2 with PIN2 from sws-card-db
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118 sws-pin1-disable -- send DISABLE CHV with PIN1 from sws-card-db
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119 sws-pin1-enable -- send ENABLE CHV with PIN1 from sws-card-db
18
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120
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121 sysmoUSIM-SJS1 difference
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122 =========================
18
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123
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124 Both sysmoUSIM-SJS1 and sysmoISIM-SJA2 are UICC-native cards, and both really
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125 prefer to be admin-programmed via the UICC protocol, rather than GSM 11.11 SIM
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126 protocol. Both cards do allow ADM1 authentication to be performed in a GSM
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127 11.11 SIM protocol session, but sysmoUSIM-SJS1 is less "happy" about it, and
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128 imposes a more burdensome restriction. sysmoISIM-SJA2 allows its ADM1 key to
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129 be submitted via a VERIFY CHV (CLA=A0, P2=0A) APDU in a GSM 11.11 SIM session,
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130 but sysmoUSIM-SJS1 does not allow the same. sysmoUSIM-SJS1 accepts its ADM1 key
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131 only via UICC-style (CLA=00) VERIFY PIN APDUs, thus at first it appears that
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132 these cards cannot be admin-programmed via the classic GSM 11.11 SIM protocol.
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133 They do have one open loophole, however: if the UICC-style VERIFY PIN command
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134 for ADM1 is sent as the very first command in a card session, it can be followed
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135 by other UICC protocol commands (making a regular UICC session), or it can be
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136 followed by GSM 11.11 SIM protocol commands with CLA=A0, thus allowing one
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137 special exception to the general rule which prohibits mixing these two protocols
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138 in the same card session.
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139
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140 Our fc-simtool command for sending SJS1 ADM1 keys in the manner this card model
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141 requires is as follows:
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142
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143 verify-sjs1-adm1 xxxxxxxx
18
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144
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145 The really big restriction is that this command must be issued at the very
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146 beginning of your fc-simtool session, before any other commands. If you issue
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147 this command later, after some GSM 11.11 SIM APDUs have already been exchanged,
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148 it won't work. For this reason, our sws-auth-adm1 "macro" command cannot be
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149 used in fc-simtool with SJS1 cards: in order to use sws-card-db, one has to read
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150 the ICCID record to identify the specific card out of the pool, and once some
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diff changeset
151 APDUs have been exchanged to make that ICCID read, the special exception to the
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152 protocol mixing prohibition is no longer available. One could develop a more
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153 complicated system where you read the ICCID, then reset the card and have a new
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154 card session beginning with ADM1 authentication - but because this
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155 sysmoUSIM-SJS1 card model is no longer sold by Sysmocom, there is no
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156 justification for expending the effort.
18
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157
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158 Using fc-uicc-tool with Sysmocom webshop cards
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159 ==============================================
18
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160
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161 The UICC protocol is native to both sysmoUSIM-SJS1 and sysmoISIM-SJA2, thus
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162 fc-uicc-tool works like a charm with both card models. The problem, however,
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163 is that fc-uicc-tool is only a low-level debug and manual tinkering tool: it
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164 can do "everything", but only 100% manually in raw hex. Most of the high-level
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165 functions of fc-simtool are not replicated in fc-uicc-tool, and furthermore, an
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166 approach of mindlessly translating fc-simtool high-level functions to use the
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167 UICC protocol for card file access won't work either: the USIM spec definition
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168 of many important files is quite different from the original DF_GSM and
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169 DF_TELECOM definitions for classic SIM.
18
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170
56
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171 The issue is ultimately one of project purpose and direction: FreeCalypso
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172 focuses on GSM/2G to the exclusion of later G's, our preferred SIM cards are
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173 our own FCSIM1, our primary SIM card manipulation tool is fc-simtool, and
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174 fc-uicc-tool exists only as a bounded-effort side utility. For people who
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175 prefer to work with USIM/ISIM cards natively, programming all of their new
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176 files for later-G functionality, other software tool projects like pysim-shell
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177 would be more appropriate.
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178
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179 ADM1 and other PIN authentication in fc-uicc-tool
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180 =================================================
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181
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182 If you are in an fc-uicc-tool session with either sysmoUSIM-SJS1 or
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183 sysmoISIM-SJA2, the command to authenticate with ADM1 is as follows:
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184
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185 verify-pin 10 xxxxxxxx
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186
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187 where xxxxxxxx are the 8 digits of the ADM1 secret code. There are no
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188 restrictions as to when this command may be given in an fc-uicc-tool session.
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189
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diff changeset
190 sws-auth-* commands have not been ported over fc-uicc-tool yet, but this
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diff changeset
191 omission will be easy to fill.
18
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192
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193 Changing the ADM1 PIN
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194 =====================
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195
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196 Experiments show that when speaking the UICC protocol to the card, the standard
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197 CHANGE PIN command does work on ADM1 on both sysmoUSIM-SJS1 and sysmoISIM-SJA2,
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198 thus you can do the following in fc-uicc-tool:
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199
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200 change-pin 10 old-ADM1 new-ADM1
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201
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202 However, given that Sysmocom already assigns individual per-card random ADM1 and
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203 communicates these secret codes securely to webshop customers, there does not
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204 seem to be any practical need for changing ADM1 further downstream. Thus our
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205 recommendation is that if you are going to change your ADM1 PIN just to prove
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206 that you can do it, you should then change it back to the original.
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207
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208 We can only surmise that there probably exist some secret commands that can
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209 reset PUK1 and PUK2 after you've authenticated with ADM1, but they will probably
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210 remain forever proprietary to Sysmocom, especially given the lack of any
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211 practical need for such downstream changing of PUK1/PUK2.
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212
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213 MSISDN misprogramming on early sysmoUSIM-SJS1 cards
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214 ===================================================
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215
56
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216 Sysmocom webshop cards (both sysmoUSIM-SJS1 and sysmoISIM-SJA2) have their
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217 EF_MSISDN file allocated as 6 records of 34 bytes each. Record length of 34
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218 bytes translates into 20 bytes of alpha tag plus the required 14-byte structure
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219 at the end of each record.
18
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220
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221 When Sysmocom made their early sysmoUSIM-SJS1 cards, they intended to program
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222 the first record of EF_MSISDN as +882110xxxxx, where xxxxx are equal to the last
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223 5 digits of their 901-70 IMSI and also to the last 5 content digits (before the
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diff changeset
224 Luhn check digit) of their 8988211 ICCID. A correctly structured EF_MSISDN
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diff changeset
225 phonebook record with a +882110xxxxx phone number would look like this, for the
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226 record size of 34 bytes:
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227
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228 00: FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
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229 10: FF FF FF FF 07 91 88 12 01 xx xx Fx FF FF FF FF
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230 20: FF FF
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231
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232 The first 20 bytes are all FF because that is the space reserved for the alpha
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233 tag, then the phone number is encoded in 8 bytes as 07 91 88 12 01 xx xx Fx,
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234 and the rest of the required 14-byte structure is filled with FF bytes.
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235 However, the actual programming of this MSISDN record on early sysmoUSIM-SJS1
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236 cards (at least on the 10-pack I bought in 2017) looks like this:
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237
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238 00: FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
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239 10: FF FF 07 91 88 12 01 xx xx Fx FF FF FF FF FF FF
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240 20: FF FF
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241
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242 The not-all-FF field of 8 bytes is written into the wrong location, two bytes
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243 earlier than where it should be. When I saw this misprogramming early in the
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244 course of developing fc-simtool, I finally understood why the AT+CNUM command
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245 on a FreeCalypso modem with this SIM inserted reported a 10xxxxx number instead
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246 of the +882110xxxxx listed in the sysmoUSIM manual. :-)
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247
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248 When I saw this misprogramming, I also added a fix-sysmo-msisdn command to
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249 fc-simtool: this command checks for this particular misprogramming, and if it
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250 finds such, it rewrites the MSISDN record with the 8-byte phone number field
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251 moved to its correct place. However, this fix-sysmo-msisdn command probably
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252 won't get much use: the factory-programmed EF_MSISDN is now completely blank on
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253 Sysmocom's current sysmoISIM-SJA2 cards, and also on the late sysmoUSIM-SJS1
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254 cards - or at least it is blank on the last-stock cards I bought in 2020-11.
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255 EF_MSISDN is writable without needing ADM1 - it only needs CHV1.