FreeCalypso > hg > freecalypso-tools
annotate doc/High-speed-serial @ 213:d5d6992897cf
loadtools/README renamed to README.old, previous README.old to README.older
| author | Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org> | 
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| date | Fri, 19 May 2017 06:11:27 +0000 | 
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| rev | line source | 
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changeset | 1 The highest baud rate supported by "standard" PC serial ports is 115200 bps, | 
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changeset | 2 but Calypso UARTs can go quite a bit faster. Being clocked with 13 MHz (a | 
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changeset | 3 standard frequency in the GSM world), these UARTs can produce non-standard | 
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changeset | 4 (outside of the GSM world) baud rates of 203125, 406250 and 812500 bps. When | 
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changeset | 5 working with Motorola C1xx and Openmoko GTA01/02 phones which present a debug | 
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changeset | 6 and programming serial interface on a 2.5 mm headset jack, one can make use of | 
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changeset | 7 these high serial baud rates by using a USB to headset jack programming cable | 
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changeset | 8 based on one of the better USB-serial chips that can support these GSM special | 
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changeset | 9 baud rates well above 115200. The two USB-serial chips that are known to work | 
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changeset | 10 in this manner are CP2102 and FTDI, although each of the two requires its own | 
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changeset | 11 special quirks described below. Other USB to serial cables use chips which | 
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changeset | 12 don't support the high baud rates in question, and therefore are limited to | 
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changeset | 13 115200 baud max like a "standard" PC serial port. | 
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changeset | 14 | 
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changeset | 15 FreeCalypso tools can use these high serial baud rates in the following ways: | 
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changeset | 16 | 
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changeset | 17 * When you use fc-loadtool to dump and program GSM device flash memory | 
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changeset | 18 (flashing firmware images), the transfers get annoyingly slow at 115200 baud | 
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changeset | 19 if you have to do it a lot. Switching to 406250 or even better 812500 baud | 
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changeset | 20 makes them go considerably faster. | 
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changeset | 21 | 
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changeset | 22 * Some of our target devices have large enough RAM to execute a GSM firmware | 
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changeset | 23 image entirely from RAM without flashing - very handy for development and | 
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changeset | 24 experimentation. The tool used to run these RAM-based images is fc-xram, | 
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changeset | 25 and it also supports the option of using high serial baud rates for the image | 
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changeset | 26 transfer for the same reason: repeatedly transferring 1.5 MiB images over | 
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changeset | 27 115200 baud gets tiresome. | 
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changeset | 28 | 
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changeset | 29 * If you are building your own GSM firmware (either FC GSM fw or one of our | 
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changeset | 30 TCS211-based hacks), you can make it run its RVTMUX interface at 406250 or | 
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changeset | 31 812500 baud. We used this trick when we tried to make TCS211 with D-Sample- | 
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changeset | 32 targeting UI (176x220 pix LCD, 16 bits per pixel) send its virtual LCD raster | 
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changeset | 33 blits out the serial port. Our rvtdump and rvinterf utilities support this | 
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changeset | 34 mode of operation by providing options to select different baud rates. | 
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changeset | 35 | 
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changeset | 36 Using CP2102 adapters | 
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changeset | 37 ===================== | 
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changeset | 38 | 
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changeset | 39 CP2102 chips have a built-in EEPROM that contains (among other things) a | 
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changeset | 40 32-entry table in which the supported serial baud rates are programmed. In | 
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changeset | 41 order to support the special GSM baud rates, these rates need to be added to | 
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changeset | 42 that table, displacing some other entries. The convention established by the | 
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changeset | 43 Pirelli DP-L10 phone (has a CP2102 built in and programmed at the factory for | 
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changeset | 44 GSM baud rates) is that 203120 baud takes the place of 230400, 406250 takes the | 
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changeset | 45 place of 460800, and 812500 takes the place of 921600. | 
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changeset | 46 | 
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changeset | 47 Because you need a special cable anyway to make the necessary physical | 
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changeset | 48 connection to the debug/programming serial port presented on a 2.5 mm headset | 
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changeset | 49 jack, you will probably be buying the requisite cable from a specialized | 
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changeset | 50 professional vendor. In that case it is that vendor's responsibility to sell | 
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changeset | 51 you the cable with the CP2102 chip already programmed with GSM baud rates: | 
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changeset | 52 because the physical construction of the cable (2.5 mm headset jack on the | 
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changeset | 53 serial end) makes it specific to GSM devices, and all known GSM devices use a | 
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changeset | 54 13 MHz clock or some integer multiple thereof, it is pointless for a | 
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changeset | 55 physically-GSM-specific cable to be set up for 230400/460800/921600 baud when | 
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changeset | 56 all known GSM devices will need 203125/406250/812500 baud instead. | 
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changeset | 57 | 
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changeset | 58 If you making a CP2102-based serial cable yourself (either for your own personal | 
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changeset | 59 use or professionally/commercially), please follow these instructions for baud | 
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changeset | 60 rate programming: | 
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changeset | 61 | 
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changeset | 62 http://bb.osmocom.org/trac/wiki/Hardware/CP210xTutorial | 
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changeset | 63 | 
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changeset | 64 If you follow the procedure given on that page, your CP2102 will be programmed | 
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changeset | 65 the same way as the one in the Pirelli DP-L10 (Foxconn's original factory | 
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changeset | 66 programming). | 
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changeset | 67 | 
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changeset | 68 The serial port handling code in FreeCalypso host tools is written to request | 
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changeset | 69 B230400 from termios when 203125 baud is desired, likewise B460800 for 406250 | 
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changeset | 70 baud and B921600 for 812500 baud. Therefore, if you have a CP2102-based cable | 
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changeset | 71 with properly programmed EEPROM, everything will Just Work. | 
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changeset | 72 | 
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changeset | 73 Using FTDI adapters | 
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changeset | 74 =================== | 
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changeset | 75 | 
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changeset | 76 Unlike CP2102, FTDI adapters don't require any non-volatile EEPROM programming | 
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changeset | 77 for GSM baud rates, but they have a different pain point - arguably a worse one | 
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changeset | 78 - that is entirely a software issue. The API which the Linux kernel provides | 
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changeset | 79 to userspace applications for opening and configuring serial ports provides no | 
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changeset | 80 clean, sensible way for an application to request a particular baud rate that | 
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changeset | 81 is not in the predefined-once-and-for-all list, and to make it unambiguous to | 
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changeset | 82 the in-kernel driver exactly what it wants. | 
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changeset | 83 | 
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changeset | 84 The method provided by the ftdi_sio driver in the standard Linux kernel is | 
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changeset | 85 gross, and I (Space Falcon) refuse to use it. The serial port handling code in | 
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changeset | 86 FreeCalypso host tools is written for the clean CP2102 way, and is *not* muddied | 
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changeset | 87 with the muck that would be necessary to get the high GSM baud rates with an | 
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changeset | 88 unpatched ftdi_sio driver. Therefore, if you would like to use one of the high | 
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changeset | 89 GSM baud rates with FreeCalypso with an FTDI adapter, you will need to dirty | 
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changeset | 90 your Linux host system with a hacky kernel patch. The patch provided in | 
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changeset | 91 linux-2.6.37.6-ftdi_sio.c.patch (made against Linux 2.6.37.6, which is what I | 
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changeset | 92 use - came with Slackware 13.37 - adapt as necessary for your kernel version) | 
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changeset | 93 makes the ftdi_sio driver behave like a GSM-programmed CP2102: termios B230400 | 
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changeset | 94 turns into 203125 baud, B460800 turns into 406250 and B921600 turns into 812500. | 
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changeset | 95 | 
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changeset | 96 This patch won't break other software (*cough* osmocom-bb *cough*) that does | 
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changeset | 97 use the "standard" ftdi_sio way of requesting high GSM baud rates, i.e., both | 
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changeset | 98 ways of selecting these baud rates should still work, but if you have other | 
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changeset | 99 (non-GSM) serial devices on the same system which need 230400, 460800 or 921600 | 
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changeset | 100 baud, those will break. | 
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changeset | 101 | 
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changeset | 102 Using adapters built into phones | 
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 Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org> parents: diff
changeset | 103 ================================ | 
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e7502631a0f9
initial import from freecalypso-sw rev 1033:5ab737ac3ad7
 Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org> parents: diff
changeset | 104 | 
| 
e7502631a0f9
initial import from freecalypso-sw rev 1033:5ab737ac3ad7
 Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org> parents: diff
changeset | 105 The Calypso chip has no native USB capabilities, thus if a Calypso phone | 
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e7502631a0f9
initial import from freecalypso-sw rev 1033:5ab737ac3ad7
 Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org> parents: diff
changeset | 106 presents a USB charging+data port to the user, it must have a USB to serial | 
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e7502631a0f9
initial import from freecalypso-sw rev 1033:5ab737ac3ad7
 Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org> parents: diff
changeset | 107 converter built in. The only phone we currently know of that does this is | 
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e7502631a0f9
initial import from freecalypso-sw rev 1033:5ab737ac3ad7
 Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org> parents: diff
changeset | 108 Pirelli DP-L10, and its built-in USB-serial adapter chip is CP2102. It has | 
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e7502631a0f9
initial import from freecalypso-sw rev 1033:5ab737ac3ad7
 Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org> parents: diff
changeset | 109 already been programmed with the correct GSM baud rates on Foxconn's original | 
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e7502631a0f9
initial import from freecalypso-sw rev 1033:5ab737ac3ad7
 Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org> parents: diff
changeset | 110 production line, thus one can always use 812500 baud with FreeCalypso tools on | 
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e7502631a0f9
initial import from freecalypso-sw rev 1033:5ab737ac3ad7
 Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org> parents: diff
changeset | 111 this phone and it will Just Work. | 
