FreeCalypso > hg > freecalypso-tools
annotate doc/TIFFS-IVA-usage @ 712:a167d7b376b7
fc-loadtool code: flprotreg.c factored out
| author | Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org> | 
|---|---|
| date | Fri, 05 Jun 2020 07:29:59 +0000 | 
| parents | c44f31353f2f | 
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changeset | 1 The generic tiffs utility needs to be invoked as follows: | 
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changeset | 2 | 
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changeset | 3 tiffs [global-options] <imgfile> <org> <cmd> [command-args] | 
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changeset | 4 | 
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changeset | 5 The first 3 non-optional arguments are the filename of the TIFFS image under | 
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changeset | 6 examination, the FFS organization being examined, and the operation to be | 
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changeset | 7 performed. The present utility is designed in the classic Unix manner in that | 
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changeset | 8 each invokation performs a single operation and exits, such that invokations of | 
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changeset | 9 tiffs (or one of the wrappers described below) may be plumbed into pipes and | 
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changeset | 10 the like. | 
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changeset | 11 | 
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changeset | 12 The 2nd argument to tiffs after the FFS image filename describes how the TIFFS | 
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changeset | 13 instance under study is organized in terms of flash sectors. The syntax of | 
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changeset | 14 this argument is KxN, where K is the flash sector size in KiB and N is the | 
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changeset | 15 number of sectors occupied by the FFS. For MokoFFS images the correct | 
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changeset | 16 organization argument is 64x7 (7 sectors of 64 KiB each), for Pirelli's FFS | 
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changeset | 17 images it is 256x18 (18 sectors of 256 KiB each), and for TIFFS images read out | 
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changeset | 18 of FreeCalypso development boards it is 256x8 (8 sectors of 256 KiB each). | 
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changeset | 19 | 
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changeset | 20 The following global options may be given before the image filename argument: | 
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changeset | 21 | 
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changeset | 22 -a num | 
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changeset | 23 | 
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changeset | 24 Use the specified flash block (sector) as the inode array block. | 
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changeset | 25 | 
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changeset | 26 -o offset | 
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changeset | 27 | 
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changeset | 28 The FFS image begins at the specified offset within the file, rather | 
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changeset | 29 than at the beginning. This option is useful when working with complete | 
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changeset | 30 device flash dumps of which FFS is only a part, starting somewhere | 
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changeset | 31 other than at 0. | 
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changeset | 32 | 
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changeset | 33 -O | 
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changeset | 34 | 
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changeset | 35 The location field in the inode structure is 16 bits rather than 32, | 
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changeset | 36 stored in the upper two bytes out of the four. This old FFS format | 
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changeset | 37 (limited to 1 MiB total FFS size) was used by *very* old versions of | 
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changeset | 38 TI's firmware and is incompatible with our "current" fw versions; | 
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changeset | 39 so far the only encountered example of this old FFS format was found on | 
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changeset | 40 the D-Sample board which the Mother scored in 2015 - it came with a | 
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changeset | 41 firmware image dated 20020917. | 
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changeset | 42 | 
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changeset | 43 -r ino | 
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changeset | 44 | 
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changeset | 45 Use the specified inode as the root. Per the Mother's convention, | 
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changeset | 46 TIFFS inode numbers are always given in hex, hence this argument is | 
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changeset | 47 interpreted as hex without needing a 0x prefix. | 
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changeset | 48 | 
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changeset | 49 The invokation syntax for mokoffs and pirffs wrappers is the same as for tiffs, | 
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changeset | 50 except that the FFS organization argument (64x7 or 256x18) is omitted; the | 
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changeset | 51 wrapper fills that argument in before passing the command to the main tiffs | 
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changeset | 52 program. The only other difference is that instead of the generic -o global | 
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changeset | 53 option, mokoffs takes a -f global option (no argument) which indicates that one | 
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changeset | 54 is working with a complete flash dump image, rather than just the FFS portion; | 
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changeset | 55 mokoffs -f gets translated into tiffs -o0x380000. (pirffs has no such option | 
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changeset | 56 at all because Pirelli's FFS starts at offset 0 within its respective flash | 
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changeset | 57 chip select.) | 
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changeset | 58 | 
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changeset | 59 The next argument after the FFS organization for tiffs (or after the image | 
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changeset | 60 filename for mokoffs/pirffs) is the command (or operation) to be performed. | 
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changeset | 61 The following tiffs commands are currently available: | 
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changeset | 62 | 
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changeset | 63 General information commands | 
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changeset | 64 ============================ | 
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changeset | 65 | 
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changeset | 66 These commands display general or summary information about the FFS image: | 
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changeset | 67 | 
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changeset | 68 tiffs <...> blkhdr | 
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changeset | 69 | 
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changeset | 70 This command displays the basic information contained in the header of each | 
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changeset | 71 flash erase block comprising the FFS image. | 
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changeset | 72 | 
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changeset | 73 tiffs <...> fsinfo | 
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changeset | 74 | 
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changeset | 75 This command displays some general information about the file system. | 
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changeset | 76 | 
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changeset | 77 Standard listing/extraction commands | 
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changeset | 78 ==================================== | 
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changeset | 79 | 
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changeset | 80 These commands list or extract the normally-visible content of the FFS, i.e., | 
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changeset | 81 the content which is visible when the FFS is "mounted" normally, and which the | 
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changeset | 82 FFS promises to preserve - as opposed to deleted or overwritten content. | 
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changeset | 83 | 
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changeset | 84 tiffs <...> ls [-v[v]] [pathname...] | 
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changeset | 85 | 
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changeset | 86 Tiffs ls without additional arguments yields a listing of the complete FFS | 
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changeset | 87 directory tree, akin to tar tv. Example output fragment: | 
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changeset | 88 | 
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changeset | 89 fr 4096 /.journal | 
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changeset | 90 d /gsm | 
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changeset | 91 d /gsm/rf | 
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changeset | 92 d /gsm/rf/tx | 
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changeset | 93 f 512 /gsm/rf/tx/ramps.900 | 
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changeset | 94 f 128 /gsm/rf/tx/levels.900 | 
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changeset | 95 f 128 /gsm/rf/tx/calchan.900 | 
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changeset | 96 | 
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changeset | 97 The first character is 'f' for files or 'd' for directories. An 'r' following | 
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changeset | 98 immediately afterward means that the object has the read-only attribute set. | 
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changeset | 99 For files the listing includes the content size in bytes, and the last part is | 
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changeset | 100 the pathname of the object within the FFS. | 
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changeset | 101 | 
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changeset | 102 With a single -v option added after ls, the output will include verbose | 
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changeset | 103 information as to the segmentation structure of each file. With two -v options | 
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changeset | 104 or with -vv, this additional output will also include the byte offset of each | 
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changeset | 105 data chunk, relative to the beginning of the FFS image. | 
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changeset | 106 | 
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changeset | 107 Tiffs ls with a pathname argument yields information about the specified FFS | 
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changeset | 108 object; -v and -vv options act as already described, but are arguably more | 
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changeset | 109 useful when listing single files. | 
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changeset | 110 | 
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changeset | 111 tiffs <...> cat [-v|-h] pathname | 
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changeset | 112 | 
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changeset | 113 Just like the standard Unix cat(1) command, but cat'ing files from the FFS image | 
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changeset | 114 under study. The non-standard -h option means hex dump - it is handy because | 
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changeset | 115 almost all files in TI's GSM device FFS are binary, rather than ASCII. | 
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changeset | 116 | 
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changeset | 117 tiffs <...> xtr dest-dir | 
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changeset | 118 | 
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changeset | 119 This command extracts the complete content of the FFS into your ordinary Unix | 
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changeset | 120 file system. The sole argument is the local directory into which the root of | 
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changeset | 121 the GSM device FFS should be extracted. | 
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changeset | 122 | 
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changeset | 123 Forensic analysis commands | 
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changeset | 124 ========================== | 
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changeset | 125 | 
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changeset | 126 Unlike the "standard" listing/extraction commands which present TIFFS as a | 
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changeset | 127 "normal" Unix file system, using the "forensic" commands effectively requires | 
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changeset | 128 that the operator understands how TIFFS works, in particular, what an inode is | 
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changeset | 129 in TIFFS. | 
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changeset | 130 | 
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changeset | 131 tiffs <...> lsino [-v[v]] | 
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changeset | 132 | 
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changeset | 133 This command lists the FFS inode array from first to last; this listing order | 
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changeset | 134 will normally correspond to the forward chronological order of object creation. | 
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changeset | 135 -v and -vv options add verbosity. | 
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changeset | 136 | 
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changeset | 137 '.' in the object type column means segment, '~' means a deleted object. The | 
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changeset | 138 lsino command only lists the inode array, and does not try to recover the | 
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changeset | 139 original type of deleted/overwritten objects from the journal or other clues. | 
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changeset | 140 The program attempts to recover the pathname of each inode, but because such | 
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changeset | 141 reverse mapping from inodes to pathnames is not an operation which TIFFS was | 
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changeset | 142 properly designed to support, and the pathname recovery algorithm in this TIFFS | 
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changeset | 143 IVA tool is made as generic as possible (doesn't look at the object types), the | 
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changeset | 144 lsino listing will occasionally include some bogus pathnames. Once again, it | 
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changeset | 145 is expected that the operator knows what s/he is doing when using these forensic | 
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changeset | 146 commands. | 
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changeset | 147 | 
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changeset | 148 tiffs <...> lsino [-v[v]] [-f] ino... | 
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changeset | 149 | 
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changeset | 150 This command works just like ls with an explicit pathname argument, but takes | 
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changeset | 151 one or more inode numbers instead. The -f option matters only if the requested | 
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changeset | 152 inode is in the deleted/overwritten state; it tells the lsino command to assume | 
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changeset | 153 that the object is/was the head inode of a file; -vf and -vvf combinations are | 
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changeset | 154 particularly useful. | 
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changeset | 155 | 
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changeset | 156 tiffs <...> catino [-v|-h] ino | 
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changeset | 157 | 
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changeset | 158 Just like regular cat, but takes an inode number instead of a pathname. Can be | 
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changeset | 159 used to cat the old content of deleted or overwritten files. | 
