FreeCalypso > hg > freecalypso-tools

annotate doc/TIFFS-IVA-usage @ 698:9ecbf1bf2e1b

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fc-iram: added '+' to getopt magic string like in fc-xram Both fc-iram and fc-xram now support secondary program invokation. If the user needs to pass some options to the secondary program, we don't want fc-iram or fc-xram to claim these options as its own, thus we need to stop getopt() from reordering arguments. This fix was already implemented in fc-xram a long time ago, but the issue was overlooked when secondary program invokation ability was added to fc-iram.
author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Tue, 31 Mar 2020 03:23:26 +0000
parents c44f31353f2f
children f917441aa8bc
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1 The generic tiffs utility needs to be invoked as follows:
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3 tiffs [global-options] <imgfile> <org> <cmd> [command-args]
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5 The first 3 non-optional arguments are the filename of the TIFFS image under
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6 examination, the FFS organization being examined, and the operation to be
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7 performed. The present utility is designed in the classic Unix manner in that
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8 each invokation performs a single operation and exits, such that invokations of
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9 tiffs (or one of the wrappers described below) may be plumbed into pipes and
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10 the like.
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12 The 2nd argument to tiffs after the FFS image filename describes how the TIFFS
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13 instance under study is organized in terms of flash sectors. The syntax of
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14 this argument is KxN, where K is the flash sector size in KiB and N is the
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15 number of sectors occupied by the FFS. For MokoFFS images the correct
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16 organization argument is 64x7 (7 sectors of 64 KiB each), for Pirelli's FFS
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17 images it is 256x18 (18 sectors of 256 KiB each), and for TIFFS images read out
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18 of FreeCalypso development boards it is 256x8 (8 sectors of 256 KiB each).
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20 The following global options may be given before the image filename argument:
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21
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22 -a num
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24 Use the specified flash block (sector) as the inode array block.
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25
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26 -o offset
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28 The FFS image begins at the specified offset within the file, rather
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29 than at the beginning. This option is useful when working with complete
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30 device flash dumps of which FFS is only a part, starting somewhere
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31 other than at 0.
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32
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33 -O
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35 The location field in the inode structure is 16 bits rather than 32,
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36 stored in the upper two bytes out of the four. This old FFS format
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37 (limited to 1 MiB total FFS size) was used by *very* old versions of
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38 TI's firmware and is incompatible with our "current" fw versions;
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39 so far the only encountered example of this old FFS format was found on
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40 the D-Sample board which the Mother scored in 2015 - it came with a
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41 firmware image dated 20020917.
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42
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43 -r ino
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44
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45 Use the specified inode as the root. Per the Mother's convention,
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46 TIFFS inode numbers are always given in hex, hence this argument is
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47 interpreted as hex without needing a 0x prefix.
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48
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49 The invokation syntax for mokoffs and pirffs wrappers is the same as for tiffs,
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50 except that the FFS organization argument (64x7 or 256x18) is omitted; the
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51 wrapper fills that argument in before passing the command to the main tiffs
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52 program. The only other difference is that instead of the generic -o global
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53 option, mokoffs takes a -f global option (no argument) which indicates that one
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54 is working with a complete flash dump image, rather than just the FFS portion;
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55 mokoffs -f gets translated into tiffs -o0x380000. (pirffs has no such option
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56 at all because Pirelli's FFS starts at offset 0 within its respective flash
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57 chip select.)
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59 The next argument after the FFS organization for tiffs (or after the image
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60 filename for mokoffs/pirffs) is the command (or operation) to be performed.
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61 The following tiffs commands are currently available:
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62
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63 General information commands
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64 ============================
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65
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66 These commands display general or summary information about the FFS image:
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67
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68 tiffs <...> blkhdr
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69
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70 This command displays the basic information contained in the header of each
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71 flash erase block comprising the FFS image.
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72
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73 tiffs <...> fsinfo
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74
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75 This command displays some general information about the file system.
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76
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77 Standard listing/extraction commands
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78 ====================================
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79
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80 These commands list or extract the normally-visible content of the FFS, i.e.,
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81 the content which is visible when the FFS is "mounted" normally, and which the
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82 FFS promises to preserve - as opposed to deleted or overwritten content.
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83
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84 tiffs <...> ls [-v[v]] [pathname...]
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85
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86 Tiffs ls without additional arguments yields a listing of the complete FFS
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87 directory tree, akin to tar tv. Example output fragment:
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88
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89 fr 4096 /.journal
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90 d /gsm
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91 d /gsm/rf
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92 d /gsm/rf/tx
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93 f 512 /gsm/rf/tx/ramps.900
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94 f 128 /gsm/rf/tx/levels.900
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95 f 128 /gsm/rf/tx/calchan.900
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96
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97 The first character is 'f' for files or 'd' for directories. An 'r' following
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98 immediately afterward means that the object has the read-only attribute set.
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99 For files the listing includes the content size in bytes, and the last part is
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100 the pathname of the object within the FFS.
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101
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102 With a single -v option added after ls, the output will include verbose
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103 information as to the segmentation structure of each file. With two -v options
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104 or with -vv, this additional output will also include the byte offset of each
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105 data chunk, relative to the beginning of the FFS image.
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106
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107 Tiffs ls with a pathname argument yields information about the specified FFS
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108 object; -v and -vv options act as already described, but are arguably more
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109 useful when listing single files.
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110
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111 tiffs <...> cat [-v|-h] pathname
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112
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113 Just like the standard Unix cat(1) command, but cat'ing files from the FFS image
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114 under study. The non-standard -h option means hex dump - it is handy because
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115 almost all files in TI's GSM device FFS are binary, rather than ASCII.
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116
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117 tiffs <...> xtr dest-dir
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118
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119 This command extracts the complete content of the FFS into your ordinary Unix
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120 file system. The sole argument is the local directory into which the root of
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121 the GSM device FFS should be extracted.
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122
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123 Forensic analysis commands
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124 ==========================
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125
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126 Unlike the "standard" listing/extraction commands which present TIFFS as a
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127 "normal" Unix file system, using the "forensic" commands effectively requires
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128 that the operator understands how TIFFS works, in particular, what an inode is
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129 in TIFFS.
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130
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131 tiffs <...> lsino [-v[v]]
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132
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133 This command lists the FFS inode array from first to last; this listing order
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134 will normally correspond to the forward chronological order of object creation.
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135 -v and -vv options add verbosity.
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136
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137 '.' in the object type column means segment, '~' means a deleted object. The
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138 lsino command only lists the inode array, and does not try to recover the
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139 original type of deleted/overwritten objects from the journal or other clues.
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140 The program attempts to recover the pathname of each inode, but because such
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141 reverse mapping from inodes to pathnames is not an operation which TIFFS was
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142 properly designed to support, and the pathname recovery algorithm in this TIFFS
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143 IVA tool is made as generic as possible (doesn't look at the object types), the
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144 lsino listing will occasionally include some bogus pathnames. Once again, it
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145 is expected that the operator knows what s/he is doing when using these forensic
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146 commands.
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147
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148 tiffs <...> lsino [-v[v]] [-f] ino...
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149
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150 This command works just like ls with an explicit pathname argument, but takes
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151 one or more inode numbers instead. The -f option matters only if the requested
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152 inode is in the deleted/overwritten state; it tells the lsino command to assume
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153 that the object is/was the head inode of a file; -vf and -vvf combinations are
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154 particularly useful.
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155
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156 tiffs <...> catino [-v|-h] ino
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157
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158 Just like regular cat, but takes an inode number instead of a pathname. Can be
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159 used to cat the old content of deleted or overwritten files.