FreeCalypso > hg > freecalypso-tools
annotate doc/TIFFS-IVA-usage @ 802:1c599681fd60
pcm-sms-decode & sms-pdu-decode: revamp bad char decoding
| author | Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org> | 
|---|---|
| date | Thu, 25 Mar 2021 02:58:30 +0000 | 
| parents | d89b72f2181b | 
| children | 3152e23399a2 | 
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changeset | 1 The generic tiffs utility needs to be invoked as follows: | 
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changeset | 2 | 
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changeset | 3 tiffs [global-options] <imgfile> <org> <cmd> [command-args] | 
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changeset | 4 | 
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changeset | 5 The first 3 non-optional arguments are the filename of the TIFFS image under | 
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changeset | 6 examination, the FFS organization being examined, and the operation to be | 
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changeset | 7 performed. The present utility is designed in the classic Unix manner in that | 
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changeset | 8 each invokation performs a single operation and exits, such that invokations of | 
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changeset | 9 tiffs (or one of the wrappers described below) may be plumbed into pipes and | 
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changeset | 10 the like. | 
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changeset | 11 | 
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changeset | 12 The 2nd argument to tiffs after the FFS image filename describes how the TIFFS | 
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changeset | 13 instance under study is organized in terms of flash sectors. The syntax of | 
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changeset | 14 this argument is KxN, where K is the flash sector size in KiB and N is the | 
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changeset | 15 number of sectors occupied by the FFS. For MokoFFS images the correct | 
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changeset | 16 organization argument is 64x7 (7 sectors of 64 KiB each), for Pirelli's FFS | 
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changeset | 17 images it is 256x18 (18 sectors of 256 KiB each), for TIFFS images read out of | 
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changeset | 18 Tango modules with S71PL064J flash it is 64x15 (15 sectors of 64 KiB each), and | 
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changeset | 19 for TIFFS images read out of FreeCalypso development boards with S71PL129N flash | 
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changeset | 20 it is 256x8 (8 sectors of 256 KiB each). | 
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changeset | 21 | 
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changeset | 22 The following global options may be given before the image filename argument: | 
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changeset | 23 | 
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changeset | 24 -a num | 
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changeset | 25 | 
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changeset | 26 Use the specified flash block (sector) as the inode array block. | 
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changeset | 27 | 
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changeset | 28 -o offset | 
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changeset | 29 | 
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changeset | 30 The FFS image begins at the specified offset within the file, rather | 
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changeset | 31 than at the beginning. This option is useful when working with complete | 
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changeset | 32 device flash dumps of which FFS is only a part, starting somewhere | 
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changeset | 33 other than at 0. | 
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changeset | 34 | 
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changeset | 35 -O | 
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changeset | 36 | 
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changeset | 37 The location field in the inode structure is 16 bits rather than 32, | 
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changeset | 38 stored in the upper two bytes out of the four. This old FFS format | 
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changeset | 39 (limited to 1 MiB total FFS size) was used by *very* old versions of | 
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changeset | 40 TI's firmware and is incompatible with our "current" fw versions; | 
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changeset | 41 so far the only encountered example of this old FFS format was found on | 
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changeset | 42 the D-Sample board which the Mother scored in 2015 - it came with a | 
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changeset | 43 firmware image dated 20020917. | 
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changeset | 44 | 
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changeset | 45 -r ino | 
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changeset | 46 | 
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changeset | 47 Use the specified inode as the root. Per the Mother's convention, | 
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changeset | 48 TIFFS inode numbers are always given in hex, hence this argument is | 
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changeset | 49 interpreted as hex without needing a 0x prefix. | 
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changeset | 50 | 
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changeset | 51 The invokation syntax for mokoffs and pirffs wrappers is the same as for tiffs, | 
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changeset | 52 except that the FFS organization argument (64x7 or 256x18) is omitted; the | 
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changeset | 53 wrapper fills that argument in before passing the command to the main tiffs | 
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changeset | 54 program. The only other difference is that instead of the generic -o global | 
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changeset | 55 option, mokoffs takes a -f global option (no argument) which indicates that one | 
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changeset | 56 is working with a complete flash dump image, rather than just the FFS portion; | 
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changeset | 57 mokoffs -f gets translated into tiffs -o0x380000. (pirffs has no such option | 
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changeset | 58 at all because Pirelli's FFS starts at offset 0 within its respective flash | 
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changeset | 59 chip select.) | 
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changeset | 60 | 
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changeset | 61 tiffs-8m is another similar wrapper; it is a more recent addition for working | 
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changeset | 62 with TIFFS images from platforms like D-Sample and Tango that use TI's 8 MiB | 
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changeset | 63 flash configuration. tiffs-8m strictly parallels mokoffs except than it is | 
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changeset | 64 64x15 instead of 64x7, and -f turns into -o0x700000 instead of -o0x380000. | 
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changeset | 65 | 
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changeset | 66 The next argument after the FFS organization for tiffs (or after the image | 
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changeset | 67 filename for mokoffs, pirffs or tiffs-8m) is the command (or operation) to be | 
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changeset | 68 performed. The following tiffs commands are currently available: | 
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changeset | 69 | 
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changeset | 70 General information commands | 
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changeset | 71 ============================ | 
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changeset | 72 | 
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changeset | 73 These commands display general or summary information about the FFS image: | 
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changeset | 74 | 
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changeset | 75 tiffs <...> blkhdr | 
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changeset | 76 | 
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changeset | 77 This command displays the basic information contained in the header of each | 
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changeset | 78 flash erase block comprising the FFS image. | 
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changeset | 79 | 
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changeset | 80 tiffs <...> fsinfo | 
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changeset | 81 | 
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changeset | 82 This command displays some general information about the file system. | 
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changeset | 83 | 
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changeset | 84 Standard listing/extraction commands | 
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changeset | 85 ==================================== | 
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changeset | 86 | 
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changeset | 87 These commands list or extract the normally-visible content of the FFS, i.e., | 
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changeset | 88 the content which is visible when the FFS is "mounted" normally, and which the | 
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changeset | 89 FFS promises to preserve - as opposed to deleted or overwritten content. | 
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changeset | 90 | 
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changeset | 91 tiffs <...> ls [-v[v]] [pathname...] | 
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changeset | 92 | 
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changeset | 93 Tiffs ls without additional arguments yields a listing of the complete FFS | 
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changeset | 94 directory tree, akin to tar tv. Example output fragment: | 
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changeset | 95 | 
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changeset | 96 fr 4096 /.journal | 
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changeset | 97 d /gsm | 
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changeset | 98 d /gsm/rf | 
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changeset | 99 d /gsm/rf/tx | 
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changeset | 100 f 512 /gsm/rf/tx/ramps.900 | 
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changeset | 101 f 128 /gsm/rf/tx/levels.900 | 
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changeset | 102 f 128 /gsm/rf/tx/calchan.900 | 
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changeset | 103 | 
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changeset | 104 The first character is 'f' for files or 'd' for directories. An 'r' following | 
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changeset | 105 immediately afterward means that the object has the read-only attribute set. | 
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changeset | 106 For files the listing includes the content size in bytes, and the last part is | 
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changeset | 107 the pathname of the object within the FFS. | 
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changeset | 108 | 
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changeset | 109 With a single -v option added after ls, the output will include verbose | 
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changeset | 110 information as to the segmentation structure of each file. With two -v options | 
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changeset | 111 or with -vv, this additional output will also include the byte offset of each | 
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changeset | 112 data chunk, relative to the beginning of the FFS image. | 
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changeset | 113 | 
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changeset | 114 Tiffs ls with a pathname argument yields information about the specified FFS | 
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changeset | 115 object; -v and -vv options act as already described, but are arguably more | 
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changeset | 116 useful when listing single files. | 
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changeset | 117 | 
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changeset | 118 tiffs <...> cat [-v|-h] pathname | 
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changeset | 119 | 
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changeset | 120 Just like the standard Unix cat(1) command, but cat'ing files from the FFS image | 
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changeset | 121 under study. The non-standard -h option means hex dump - it is handy because | 
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changeset | 122 almost all files in TI's GSM device FFS are binary, rather than ASCII. | 
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changeset | 123 | 
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changeset | 124 tiffs <...> xtr dest-dir | 
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changeset | 125 | 
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changeset | 126 This command extracts the complete content of the FFS into your ordinary Unix | 
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changeset | 127 file system. The sole argument is the local directory into which the root of | 
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changeset | 128 the GSM device FFS should be extracted. | 
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changeset | 129 | 
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changeset | 130 tiffs <...> decode file-keyword [band] | 
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changeset | 131 | 
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changeset | 132 For some files in TIFFS doing a hex dump with tiffs cat -h (see above) is | 
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changeset | 133 sufficient for easily understanding the content of the file, but for other files | 
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changeset | 134 such as RF parameter tables further developer-friendly decoding is greatly | 
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changeset | 135 desirable. The generic solution is to extract the complete FFS content with | 
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changeset | 136 tiffs xtr and then apply further tools for analysis, but this fully generic | 
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changeset | 137 solution involves a lot of clutter. For some TIFFS files which often need to be | 
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changeset | 138 looked at and for which tiffs cat -h is insufficient, tiffs decode offers a | 
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changeset | 139 shorthand. The following files can be decoded in this way: | 
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changeset | 140 | 
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changeset | 141 Command File being decoded | 
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changeset | 142 ---------------------------------------------------------- | 
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changeset | 143 tiffs <...> decode adccal /sys/adccal | 
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changeset | 144 tiffs <...> decode afcdac /gsm/rf/afcdac | 
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changeset | 145 tiffs <...> decode afcparams /gsm/rf/afcparams | 
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changeset | 146 tiffs <...> decode stdmap /gsm/rf/stdmap | 
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changeset | 147 tiffs <...> decode tx-ramps <band> /gsm/rf/tx/ramps.<band> | 
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changeset | 148 tiffs <...> decode tx-levels <band> /gsm/rf/tx/levels.<band> | 
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changeset | 149 tiffs <...> decode tx-calchan <band> /gsm/rf/tx/calchan.<band> | 
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changeset | 150 tiffs <...> decode tx-caltemp <band> /gsm/rf/tx/caltemp.<band> | 
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changeset | 151 tiffs <...> decode rx-calchan <band> /gsm/rf/rx/calchan.<band> | 
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changeset | 152 tiffs <...> decode rx-caltemp <band> /gsm/rf/rx/caltemp.<band> | 
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changeset | 153 tiffs <...> decode rx-agcparams <band> /gsm/rf/rx/agcparams.<band> | 
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changeset | 154 tiffs <...> decode pcm-IMEI /pcm/IMEI | 
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changeset | 155 | 
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changeset | 156 Forensic analysis commands | 
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changeset | 157 ========================== | 
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changeset | 158 | 
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changeset | 159 Unlike the "standard" listing/extraction commands which present TIFFS as a | 
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changeset | 160 "normal" Unix file system, using the "forensic" commands effectively requires | 
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changeset | 161 that the operator understands how TIFFS works, in particular, what an inode is | 
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changeset | 162 in TIFFS. | 
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changeset | 163 | 
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changeset | 164 tiffs <...> lsino [-v[v]] | 
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changeset | 165 | 
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changeset | 166 This command lists the FFS inode array from first to last; this listing order | 
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changeset | 167 will normally correspond to the forward chronological order of object creation. | 
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changeset | 168 -v and -vv options add verbosity. | 
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changeset | 169 | 
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changeset | 170 '.' in the object type column means segment, '~' means a deleted object. The | 
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changeset | 171 lsino command only lists the inode array, and does not try to recover the | 
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changeset | 172 original type of deleted/overwritten objects from the journal or other clues. | 
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changeset | 173 The program attempts to recover the pathname of each inode, but because such | 
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changeset | 174 reverse mapping from inodes to pathnames is not an operation which TIFFS was | 
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changeset | 175 properly designed to support, and the pathname recovery algorithm in this TIFFS | 
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changeset | 176 IVA tool is made as generic as possible (doesn't look at the object types), the | 
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changeset | 177 lsino listing will occasionally include some bogus pathnames. Once again, it | 
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changeset | 178 is expected that the operator knows what s/he is doing when using these forensic | 
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changeset | 179 commands. | 
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changeset | 180 | 
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changeset | 181 tiffs <...> lsino [-v[v]] [-f] ino... | 
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changeset | 182 | 
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changeset | 183 This command works just like ls with an explicit pathname argument, but takes | 
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changeset | 184 one or more inode numbers instead. The -f option matters only if the requested | 
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changeset | 185 inode is in the deleted/overwritten state; it tells the lsino command to assume | 
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changeset | 186 that the object is/was the head inode of a file; -vf and -vvf combinations are | 
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changeset | 187 particularly useful. | 
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changeset | 188 | 
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changeset | 189 tiffs <...> catino [-v|-h] ino | 
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changeset | 190 | 
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changeset | 191 Just like regular cat, but takes an inode number instead of a pathname. Can be | 
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changeset | 192 used to cat the old content of deleted or overwritten files. | 
