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author Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
date Sat, 11 Oct 2014 20:48:22 +0000
parents c2c4c6b5a5c5
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c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
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1 There exists a set of C header files, needed for TI's GSM firmware to build,
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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2 called cdginc. They are not needed for building everything up to and including
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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3 GPF and L1, but they are needed in order to build the core G23 protocol stack
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4 components.
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5
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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6 However, these cdginc headers are generated files, not human-written sources,
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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7 and the process by which they get created is very messy:
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8
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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9 1. Contained as part of the ultimate source for the firmware, there is a set of
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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10 XML files which give definitions for Air Interface Messages (AIMs) and
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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11 Service Access Points (SAPs).
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12
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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13 2. Each *.aim file is "compiled" into an MDF (message definition file) and each
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14 *.sap file gets similarly "compiled" into a PDF (primitive definition file).
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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15 (Despite sharing the same acronym and filename suffix, these "primitive
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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16 definition files" have nothing to do with PDF as in Portable Document
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17 Format.) This "compilation" is done by way of XSLT: an XSLT processor is
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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18 invoked, its inputs being the source *.{aim,sap} files and a set of *.xsl
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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19 files defining the transformation. (The latter can be found under
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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20 gpf/util/sape/xslt in the "peek" LoCosto source.)
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21
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22 3. A special TI/Condat-developed program called ccdgen (which we only have in
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23 the form of an M$ Windows binary sans source, ccdgen.exe) reads the *.mdf
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24 and *.pdf files produced in the previous step, performs some unknown
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25 processing (unknown because we have no source for this tool), and writes out
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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26 most of the C header files which appear in the cdginc directory. (The
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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27 exception is that a few of these header files seem to be produced directly
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28 by the XSLT step.)
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29
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30 ==================
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31 XSLT and Java woes
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32 ==================
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33
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34 When I (Space Falcon) tried to reproduce the above steps for FreeCalypso,
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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35 problems began at the XSLT step. The XSLT processor used in TI's build flow is
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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36 an old version of Xalan-J from Apache. J stands for Java - yikes. Thus TI's
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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37 build flow actually runs java with a set of *.jar files which comprise Xalan-J.
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38
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39 I looked to see if the use of Xalan-J (and thus of Java) was required, or if
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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40 one could use any XSLT processor, including non-Java implementations. Not so
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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41 fast: TI's *.xsl files for the needed transformation call some functions
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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42 (please forgive my probably incorrect terminology: both XSLT and Java are as
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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43 foreign and unfamiliar to me as Japanese or Arabic or ... - you get the idea)
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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44 which seem to have been implemented by TI as custom Java classes, falling under
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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45 com.ti.xslt.extension - the latter live in gpf/tools/lib/java/xalan-ext.jar in
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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46 TI's semi-source trees (both Leonardo and LoCosto), if you would like to see
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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47 for yourself.
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48
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49 That xalan-ext.jar file with TI's "XSLT extension" classes contains Java
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50 bytecode, not source. Thus one of the required pieces for the *.{aim,sap} ->
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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51 *.{mdf,pdf} build step effectively exists only in the form of compiled code
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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52 sans source. It is of course an impairment to freedom, and as I quickly
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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53 discovered, not only in philosophical terms, but also in practice: as I will
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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54 show in a moment, there appears to be a bug in there which we lack the ability
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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55 to fix.
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56
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57 Of course TI ran their java invokation for XSLT under Winblows. (As a side
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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58 note, I successfully ran TI's entire Winblows environment, including this step,
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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59 under Wine when I did leo2moko - but I wasn't trying to extract any individual
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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60 step and get it to run by itself, instead I ran TI's *entire Winblows env*
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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61 under a single top-level wine invokation.) But Java bytecode is supposed to be
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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62 platform-independent, right? So I tried running the java command from pdt_*.mak
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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63 makefiles in the Leonardo version, using their set of XSLT/xalan jars as-is,
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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64 under Slackware Linux without Wine, using the Linux-native version of Java that
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65 came with Slackware.
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66
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67 I started with the AIM->MDF part. The operation succeeded on a few of the
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68 files, but then failed on others. The error had something to do with filename
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69 and pathname manipulation. Some of the com.ti.xslt.extension functions called
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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70 by TI's xslt transforms seem to be responsible for turning short filenames into
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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71 absolute pathnames and then into file:// URLs, and it appears that TI's
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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72 implementation of these functions assumes that absolute pathnames will have
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73 Weendoze drive letters, and breaks on Unix absolute pathnames which lack that
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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74 nonsense. And the part responsible for the bug is a piece of Java bytecode in
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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75 a jar sans source, remember? I didn't get as far as trying the SAP->PDF part.
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76
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77 I reason that someone who knows the world of Java could probably reverse-eng
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78 that bytecode and fix the bug with a binary patch, or rewrite an alternate
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79 implementation. Reversing Java bytecode might not even be necessary: someone
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80 who understands XSLT could probably figure out what functionality is expected
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81 from these extension functions, and then reimplement that (most likely trivial)
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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82 functionality anew. But XSLT is just as foreign to me as Java; they both might
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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83 as well be Japanese or Arabic or some other super-hard foreign language.
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84
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85 Given that my goal is to produce free GSM firmware, I decided that taking a
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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86 very long detour to learn XSLT and Java just so we can regenerate TI's *.[mp]df
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87 files from *.{aim,sap} is not worth it, and imported prebuilt *.[mp]df files
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88 from the LoCosto source along with *.{aim,sap}.
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89
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90 ============================
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91 Different versions of cdginc
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92 ============================
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93
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94 Most of the hard work in the FreeCalypso project involves reconciliation between
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95 our two reference versions: TCS211 (aka Leonardo) and LoCosto. Our TCS211
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96 reference version (in the form of leo2moko) already runs on one of our target
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97 platforms and works beautifully, but it has the entire GSM protocol stack in
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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98 binary-only libs. The LoCosto version is full source (aside from Nucleus and
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99 some parts of GPF which have already been taken care of), but targets the wrong
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100 chipset, and has that nasty SBuild crap instead of pdt_*.mak.
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101
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102 The versions of cdginc used in the TCS211 and LoCosto semi-src trees differ in
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103 the following ways:
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104
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105 1. The starting *.aim and *.sap files are different: the LoCosto versions are
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106 newer.
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107
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108 2. Slightly different versions of ccdgen.exe are used: the version featured in
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109 the TCS211 version from Sotovik identifies itself as 2.5.5, whereas the one
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110 featured in the LoCosto "peek" find identifies itself as 2.5.5A. Aside from
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111 some cosmetic differences, one substantive difference was found in the
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112 generated output: the so-called mtx tables (don't ask me what they are, as I
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113 don't understand it myself) are emitted in a different format. (Ccdgen
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114 version 2.5.5A generates the new format by default, and has a command line
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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115 option to revert to the old format.)
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116
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117 These "mtx" generated header files are included by some ccddata modules (see
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118 ../ccd/README for more info), and the only C source we have for these modules
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119 (for all of CCD, in fact) comes from the LoCosto version. This version of
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120 the ccddata C source expects "mtx" cdginc headers in the new format, hence
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121 that is the format we need to use.
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122
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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123 3. One additional input to ccdgen besides the *.[mp]df files is a "settings"
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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124 file called fflags.h. It has the form of a C header file with #define and
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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125 #undef lines (the rest is just comments), but as far as I can tell, it never
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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126 gets fed to a C preprocessor, only to ccdgen. The starting *.{aim,sap} files
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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127 contain some "options", and for each of these options, fflags.h must give a
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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128 yes/no answer in the form of $define or #undef. This "settings" file is
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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129 mandatory: if it is not given on the ccdgen command line, or if it has
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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130 neither a #define nor a #undef for some "option" defined in the *.{aim,sap}
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131 files, ccdgen aborts with an error.
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132
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133 It appears that the version of *.{aim,sap} featured in the TCS211 fw has only
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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134 one option named TI_DUAL_MODE, which needs to be disabled, as the version of
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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135 fflags.h in that tree has only one non-comment line:
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136
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137 #undef TI_DUAL_MODE
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138
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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139 But the LoCosto version of fflags.h (which appears here as fflags-locosto.h) is
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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140 much more extensive, and all of the options listed therein appear in the
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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141 *.{aim,sap} files and are in need of explicit enabling or disabling - as I
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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142 found out when I tried running ccdgen on LoCosto *.[mp]df files with the TCS211
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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143 version of fflags.h - it immediately failed with a bunch of errors about certain
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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144 options not being set one way or the other.
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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145
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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146 ============
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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147 New features
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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diff changeset
148 ============
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149
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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150 It appears that all of the options enabled in the LoCosto version of fflags.h
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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151 correspond to new features of the G23 protocol stack which do not exist at all
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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152 in our TCS211 reference version (leo2moko). How can we tell what features are
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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153 present or absent in our TCS211 version if all we have is binary libs sans
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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154 source? For a long time I thought the problem was unsolvable, but then I found
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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155 the answer in an obscure place: the "relic" pdt_*.mak files *other than* the
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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156 actively used pdt_2091.mak present in the source from Sotovik. The source we
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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157 have is "sanitized" in that the C source files for all of L1 and G23 have been
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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158 removed, and the makefile in pdt_2091.mak has no compilation stanzas for these
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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159 modules either: this generated makefile is set up to take the corresponding
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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160 binary-only libs as "sources". However, the other (unused) pdt_*.mak files
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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161 have been built (back in TI's development environment, presumably) in the "full
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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162 source present" configuration, and list not only the names and paths for all of
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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163 the deleted source files, but also their complete compilation lines with all -I
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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164 directories and -D options!
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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165
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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166 Looking at the latter compilation lines, one can see that none of the options
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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167 related to GSM REL99 or TI's new "multiband" stuff (seen both in fflags.h and
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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168 throughout the L1 and G23 sources we are back-porting from the LoCosto "peek"
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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169 find) are present at all in our TCS211/leo2moko reference version.
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170
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171 ===============================
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172 Approach chosen for FreeCalypso
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173 ===============================
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174
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175 I have not yet figured out whether the new apparently-high-level GSM PS features
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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176 found in the LoCosto version we are working with actually depend on some LoCosto
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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177 hardware or DSP ROM code feature not present on the Calypso, or if they can be
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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178 back-ported to the Calypso just fine. I also currently have very little
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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179 understanding as to their merit, i.e., practical value or usefulness for a GSM
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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180 cellphone end user.
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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181
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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182 The approach I'm taking for the initial version is to recreate the TCS211
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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diff changeset
183 configuration that already works on the Neo Freerunner in the form of leo2moko
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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184 as closely as possible, and that means setting all of the newer options to the
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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diff changeset
185 disabled state. Or at least that is the approach I am following until and
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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diff changeset
186 unless I run into some problem with it; if and when the latter happens, I'll
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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diff changeset
187 re-evaluate my course.
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188
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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189 However, simply using the set of cdginc files from TCS211 (or even regenerating
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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190 them from the TCS211 versions of *.[mp]df with the new ccdgen.exe to get mtx
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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191 tables in the format expected by our version of CCD source) with the G23
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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diff changeset
192 protocol stack C sources from the LoCosto version will likely lead to problems,
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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193 or least more hassle than it's worth, hence I decided to bite the bullet and
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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194 use the *.{aim,sap} and *.[mp]df files from LoCosto.
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195
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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196 Using the LoCosto versions of *.[mp]df, I ran ccdgen.exe (version 2.5.5A, set
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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197 to generate mtx tables in the new format) with two different fflags.h
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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198 configurations: "locosto" (unchanged from the "peek" find) and "conservative".
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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199 The latter is a configuration in which every existing option is set to disabled:
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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200 I took fflags-locosto.h and changed every #define to #undef.
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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201
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202 The symlink is currently set to compile the GSM fw using the "conservative"
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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203 version of cdginc headers. As I said above, I'll proceed with this
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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204 configuration until and unless I hit a problem, and then re-evaluate this
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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diff changeset
205 course if need be.
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206
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207 =====================
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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208 ccdgen binary problem
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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diff changeset
209 =====================
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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210
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211 We only have a ccdgen.exe binary, but no source. The Winblows binary in
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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diff changeset
212 question happens to run fine under Wine, at least on my Slackware machine, but
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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213 needless to say, asking every FreeCalypso user who wishes to compile her own
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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diff changeset
214 GSM fw from source to run a sans-source Weendoze binary under Wine and pray
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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215 that it works is not an attractive proposition. Therefore, as a workaround I
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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216 have checked the generated cdginc files into Hg as if they were source files.
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217
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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218 Of course this workaround is not a proper solution either, but it is the best
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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219 we can do for the time being, until and unless someone either finds the missing
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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diff changeset
220 source for ccdgen or figures out its logic and writes a from-scratch functional
c2c4c6b5a5c5 gsm-fw/cdg/README: written
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221 replacement.