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annotate GTM900-design-guide @ 107:dfa5f99631a6

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TCH-tap-modes: document FACCH/H observations
author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Mon, 22 Jul 2024 23:02:54 +0000
parents 658010a51ff4
children
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1 As of this writing (2020-09), the Mother's company Falconia Partners LLC is
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2 actively in the process of bringing to market a new FreeCalypso hardware
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3 solution based on our FC Tango module, and we also have an FTDI-based
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4 (specifically FT2232D) adapter for connecting to Calypso UARTs (both of them)
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5 and for controlling the Calypso module's PWON and RESET, allowing remote
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6 control of Calypso power and boot in physically unattended environments.
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7 However, this Tango-based solution is expected to become available some time
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8 in 2020-12 (up to 3 months from now), and we realize that some people may not
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9 be able to wait this long - some people may have an immediate need for some
658010a51ff4 GTM900-design-guide written
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10 working solution right now.
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11
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12 We are also aware that our European colleagues over at Sysmocom are working on
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13 a competing solution based on the Huawei GTM900 Calypso modem module, but are
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14 going totally the wrong way about it, and seem to be running into roadblocks
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15 resulting from their earlier bad design choices. In light of this observed
658010a51ff4 GTM900-design-guide written
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16 situation, the present document has been put together to provide some guidance
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17 to those who are currently misguided. If someone needs a working solution
658010a51ff4 GTM900-design-guide written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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18 right now, cannot wait another 3 months for our company to deliver our Tango-
658010a51ff4 GTM900-design-guide written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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19 based Caramel2+DUART28 solution, is looking at using GTM900 for the Calypso
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20 module, and would be willing to use an FT2232x (either D or H) chip instead of
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21 Sysmocom's poor choice of Silabs CP2105, this document will tell you exactly how
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22 you should hook everything up in order to produce a guaranteed-working solution
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23 without wasting time and energy on multiple design iterations.
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24
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25 FT2232x chip and EEPROM
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26 =======================
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27
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28 Either FT2232D or FT2232H should work equally well, hence the choice between
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29 the two is up to the board designer's preference. Our DUART28 adapter uses
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30 FT2232D, and this choice was made primarily in the hope of easing the onerous
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31 requirement of PCB controlled impedance (90 ohm differential) for USB traces:
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32 FT2232H supports USB high speed, and this USB HS capability is thought to make
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33 the controlled impedance requirement more stringent. Our competitor CP2105 has
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34 no USB HS capability just like FT2232D, hence the latter was chosen to match.
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35 But if the 90 ohm controlled impedance requirement is not a problem for you,
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36 then by all means go ahead and use the newer and apparently more popular
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37 FT2232H.
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38
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39 Whichever FT2232x chip you choose, you should include an EEPROM in your board
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40 design. This EEPROM is officially optional per FTDI, but if you omit it, you
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41 lose the ability to set a custom USB VID:PID. If you are only interested in
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42 the two Calypso UARTs and don't need programmatic control of PWON and RESET,
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43 then using the FT2232x chip's default USB VID:PID of 0x0403:0x6010 (with or
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44 without an EEPROM) is perfectly fine. However, if you are going to do what I
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45 recommend below in terms of using (otherwise unused) FT2232x Channel B RTS and
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46 DTR outputs to control PWON and RESET, then you will need to apply a custom
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47 patch to the Linux kernel's ftdi_sio driver (see freecalypso-hwlab Hg
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48 repository) in order to make this mechanism practically usable. If you are
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49 going to be applying any kind of custom patches to that ftdi_sio driver, having
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50 a custom USB VID:PID will be very helpful in order to apply the needed quirks
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51 conditionally, hence the EEPROM becomes necessary.
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52
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53 LEGAL NOTE: Falconia Partners LLC has received an official allocation of 8 PIDs
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54 from FTDI out of FTDI's USB VID, but these USB IDs are _ONLY_ for hardware
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55 products that are physically produced by Falconia Partners LLC - other parties
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56 may not use these USB IDs without our explicit permission. Therefore, if you
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57 are going to use a custom USB VID:PID, you will need to provide your own.
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58
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59 Dual UART signal connections
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60 ============================
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61
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62 Unlike CP2105, the two channels of FT2232x are perfectly symmetric, hence the
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63 choice of which FT2232x channel should be connected to which Calypso UART is
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64 arbitrary. As the Mother of FreeCalypso, I very strongly encourage everyone to
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65 use this convention: Calypso MODEM UART (the one for which Huawei brought out 8
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66 wires with full modem control) should be connected to FT2232x Channel A, and
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67 Calypso IrDA UART (the one for which there are only two wires) should be
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68 connected to FT2232x Channel B.
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69
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70 If you are going for the lowest cost in terms of component count and PCB real
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71 estate, it is perfectly acceptable to connect FT2232x I/O pins directly to
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72 Calypso UART pins. Yes, FT2232x outputs operate at 3.3V and cannot be brought
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73 down to Calypso native 2.8V, but if you read TI Calypso datasheets (document
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74 CAL000/A in particular), is says quite clearly that input voltages of up to
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75 VDDS+0.5V are acceptable, i.e., the inputs are tolerant of 3.3V. This situation
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76 becomes a little less than ideal during Calypso sleep modes (the higher voltage
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77 feeds into the chipset's V-IO rail and brings that rail a little higher than
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78 normal), but engineering is all about trade-offs and compromises, and sometimes
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79 it is necessary to trade off between perfection and cost.
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80
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81 If you do wish to feed proper 2.8V signals to the Calypso instead of 3.3V, the
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82 easiest way to do so would be to insert LVC buffers into signal paths from
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83 FT2232x outputs to Calypso UART inputs. Power the LVC buffer IC from the
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84 Calypso+Iota chipset's V-IO rail, which Huawei brought out on an interface pin
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85 they named "VDD". There will be no problem with partial power-down conditions
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86 (USB on, Calypso off) because LVC buffers are specifically designed for such
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87 operation and have very low Ioff specs in the uA range.
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88
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89 Our DUART28 adapter also includes another LVC buffer going the other way, in
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90 the path from Calypso UART outputs to FT2232x inputs, but it is included for
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91 only one reason: in order to gracefully support the other partial power-down
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92 scenario of Calypso up and running, but no USB host connected and thus no USB
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93 power. If this latter scenario is not a concern for your application, then
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94 there is absolutely no problem with connecting Calypso UART outputs directly to
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95 FT2232x inputs without any buffers.
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96
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97 Controlling PWON and RESET
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98 ==========================
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99
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100 FT2232x RTS and DTR outputs are normally CMOS high (RS-232 inactive) when no
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101 one is poking at them, but the standard Linux kernel ftdi_sio driver (following
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102 POSIX stipulations, apparently) unconditionally makes them both CMOS low
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103 (RS-232 active) when the ttyUSBx device is opened. If you look in our
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104 freecalypso-hwlab Hg repository, you will find a patch to this driver (a quirk
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105 conditionalized on a custom USB VID:PID) that suppresses this automatic
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106 assertion of RTS & DTR on ttyUSBx device open, allowing userspace applications
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107 to control them explicitly with TIOCMBIS and TIOCMBIC ioctls.
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108
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109 Our upcoming Caramel2+DUART28 solution will include an optional (one may connect
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110 the needed jumper wires or leave them unconnected) provision for controlling
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111 the Calypso+Iota chipset's PWON and RESET with otherwise unused FT2232 Channel B
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112 RTS & DTR outputs. The arrangement we have implemented is that when ChanB RTS
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113 is asserted (CMOS low, TIOCMBIS), Calypso PWON is triggered, and when ChanB DTR
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114 is asserted, Calypso RESET is triggered. We recommend that others follow the
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115 same convention.
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116
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117 PWON wiring
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118 -----------
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119
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120 The Calypso+Iota chipset's (Iota really) PWON input is internally pulled up to
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121 raw VBAT, thus it must not be connected directly to any ordinary 3.3V or 2.8V
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122 logic - instead it needs to be driven with an OC or OD buffer. If it is to be
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123 controlled with ChanB RTS (FT2232x BDBUS2 output), the ideal circuit is a simple
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124 non-inverting OD buffer such as Nexperia 74LVC1G07; the OD buffer IC's Vdd
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125 supply should be connected to the FT2232x chip's 3.3V I/O supply rail.
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126
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127 RESET wiring
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128 ------------
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129
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130 The RESET input is different between Huawei GTM900 and FC Tango modules. On FC
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131 Tango it is raw Iota nTESTRESET and thus needs to be driven in the same way as
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132 PWON described above, but GTM900 internally incorporates the JTAG reset circuit
658010a51ff4 GTM900-design-guide written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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133 depicted on TI's Leonardo schematics, and the RESET signal they bring out is
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134 what we (FreeCalypso) call XDS_RESET - see the Calypso-test-reset article. It
658010a51ff4 GTM900-design-guide written
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135 is acceptable to drive XDS_RESET with an OC/OD driver just like PWON or raw
658010a51ff4 GTM900-design-guide written
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136 nTESTRESET, but this OC/OD driver becomes optional with XDS_RESET - thanks to
658010a51ff4 GTM900-design-guide written
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137 the transistor circuit inside the GTM900 module, it is perfectly acceptable to
658010a51ff4 GTM900-design-guide written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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138 wire FT2232x BDBUS4 output (ChanB DTR) directly to GTM900 RST input, and it will
658010a51ff4 GTM900-design-guide written
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139 work per our convention, triggering a reset when ChanB DTR is asserted.
658010a51ff4 GTM900-design-guide written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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140
658010a51ff4 GTM900-design-guide written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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141 The XDS_RESET transistor circuit inside GTM900 does have one unpleasant side
658010a51ff4 GTM900-design-guide written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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142 effect though: on modules like FC Tango that bring out raw nTESTRESET, that
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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143 reset includes a built-in Switch-ON function, and PWON effectively becomes
658010a51ff4 GTM900-design-guide written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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144 optional - one can fully control the module using only RESET and soft poweroff
658010a51ff4 GTM900-design-guide written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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145 - but the same does NOT hold on GTM900. XDS_RESET may or may not work (no
658010a51ff4 GTM900-design-guide written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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146 guarantees) when the Calypso+Iota chipset is in VRPC switched-off state, thus
658010a51ff4 GTM900-design-guide written
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147 one must do a switch-on with PWON first, and then drive a reset if necessary.
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148 And no, driving XDS_RESET with an OC/OD buffer won't do anything to eliminate
658010a51ff4 GTM900-design-guide written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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149 this unpleasant side effect - you just have to live with it for as long as you
658010a51ff4 GTM900-design-guide written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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150 use GTM900 modules and not FC Tango.