FreeCalypso > hg > fc-magnetite
annotate README @ 354:cb3bc4fe730a
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| author | Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org> | 
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| date | Mon, 25 Dec 2017 00:32:10 +0000 | 
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changeset | 1 FreeCalypso Magnetite firmware project | 
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changeset | 2 ====================================== | 
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changeset | 3 | 
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changeset | 4 This source tree contains yet another firmware offering created under the | 
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changeset | 5 FreeCalypso umbrella. The key qualities of this firmware offering are: | 
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changeset | 6 | 
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changeset | 7 Negatives: | 
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changeset | 8 | 
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changeset | 9 * Builds with TI's proprietary TMS470 compiler and thus requires Wine; | 
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changeset | 10 * Some of the fw components are still in the form of binary blobs - | 
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changeset | 11 but see below on the deblobbing progress. | 
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changeset | 12 | 
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changeset | 13 Positives: | 
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changeset | 14 | 
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changeset | 15 * Officially supports our own FCDEV3B and Openmoko GTA01/02 modem targets, | 
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changeset | 16 as well as "hack-only" support for Motorola C139 and Pirelli DP-L10, | 
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changeset | 17 all from the same source tree; | 
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changeset | 18 | 
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changeset | 19 * Works as solidly as the TCS211 "golden" reference from TI, on all of the | 
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changeset | 20 supported targets - deep sleep works (on non-broken hardware), voice calls | 
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changeset | 21 work in all codec modes including AMR, the DSP dynamic download mechanism | 
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changeset | 22 does its magic, the call audio passes reliably in both directions. | 
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changeset | 23 | 
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changeset | 24 The present FC Magnetite firmware is built on the principle of starting with | 
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changeset | 25 the known working TCS211 code base, without any major restructuring, and making | 
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changeset | 26 small incremental evolutionary changes, testing at every step to ensure that | 
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changeset | 27 nothing breaks. It is the direct opposite of the "rebuild from the ground up" | 
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changeset | 28 approach taken with our previous Citrine firmware aka "gsm-fw". | 
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changeset | 29 | 
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changeset | 30 Functionality | 
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changeset | 31 ============= | 
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changeset | 32 | 
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changeset | 33 TI's GSM mobile station firmware architecture supports two ways in which the | 
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changeset | 34 GSM device may be controlled: via AT commands from an external host and/or via | 
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changeset | 35 a local UI on devices with LCD & keypad hardware. (I said "and/or" because the | 
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changeset | 36 two mechanisms can coexist.) The code we got from TI (TCS211) is very solid | 
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changeset | 37 and mature in the modem configuration (control via AT commands only, no UI, no | 
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changeset | 38 battery management, no traditional handset on/off control), but the additional | 
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changeset | 39 code layers that are needed for handset products but not for modems are in a | 
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changeset | 40 very rough "proof of concept" condition, nowhere close to a usable product. | 
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changeset | 41 | 
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changeset | 42 The same situation currently exists in FreeCalypso Magnetite. As explained | 
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changeset | 43 below in the Build system section, a key feature of FC Magnetite is that many | 
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changeset | 44 different firmware configurations can be built from the same source tree. One | 
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changeset | 45 of the configuration choices is that you can build the fw either with or without | 
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changeset | 46 the phone UI layers. The work we have done earlier in the tcs211-c139 side | 
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changeset | 47 project (late 2015) has been integrated into Magnetite, properly conditionalized | 
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changeset | 48 so that TI's original configuration is fully preserved when the target != c139. | 
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changeset | 49 However, if you build the UI-enabled configuration for any target other than | 
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changeset | 50 Mot C139, it will compile, but it won't do anything useful: it will try to | 
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changeset | 51 display TI's 176x220 pixel color UI on the D-Sample LCD on Calypso chip select | 
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changeset | 52 nCS3, but this hardware doesn't exist on any of our supported targets. (The | 
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changeset | 53 Pirelli in particular has flash on that chip select instead, so it may interfere | 
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changeset | 54 with FFS operation.) | 
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changeset | 55 | 
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changeset | 56 Further work on the handset firmware configuration (UI, battery management and | 
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changeset | 57 other currently missing functionality required for a usable phone) will have to | 
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changeset | 58 wait until we build our own Handset Motherboard Prototype (HSMBP) with a 176x220 | 
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changeset | 59 pixel 16-bit color LCD, replicating TI's D-Sample - I personally am not too | 
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changeset | 60 interested in doing this handset fw work on the very crippled Mot C139 or on | 
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changeset | 61 the Pirelli with its own host of issues, although others in the community are | 
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changeset | 62 more than welcome to take a shot at it if someone is interested. | 
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changeset | 63 | 
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changeset | 64 Until then, the primary current focus of the FC Magnetite project is the | 
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changeset | 65 AT-command-controlled modem configuration. Both TI's original modem fw (TCS211) | 
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changeset | 66 and our recreation thereof in this Magnetite project support not only voice | 
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changeset | 67 calls and SMS, but also CSD, fax and GPRS. This advanced functionality is | 
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changeset | 68 fully supported on our own GSM MS development board (FCDEV3B), where both | 
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changeset | 69 Calypso UARTs are presented directly to the developer, as well as on the | 
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changeset | 70 embedded Calypso modem in Openmoko GTA01/02 smartphones, where the AT command | 
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changeset | 71 channel with CSD, fax and GPRS capabilities is connected to the phone's | 
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changeset | 72 application processor. | 
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changeset | 73 | 
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changeset | 74 Build system | 
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changeset | 75 ============ | 
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changeset | 76 | 
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changeset | 77 Even though FC Magnetite is essentially unchanged TCS211 code base and builds | 
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changeset | 78 using TI's proprietary TMS470 compiler under Wine, the build system is entirely | 
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changeset | 79 new. TI's TCS211 build system, called BuSyB, works by way of a Java tool | 
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changeset | 80 generating a customized makefile for each desired build configuration, based on | 
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changeset | 81 lots of magic contained in a big repository of XML files. There are a bunch of | 
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changeset | 82 Perl scripts involved as well. The Java tool that does the heavy lifting exists | 
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changeset | 83 only as compiled Java bytecode sans source, and the surrounding Perl scripts | 
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changeset | 84 aren't very understandable either. And the whole thing thoroughly assumes a | 
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changeset | 85 Windows environment (drive letters, backslashes, case-insensitive file system) | 
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changeset | 86 throughout. As a result, when working with TCS211 fw with its original build | 
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changeset | 87 system, we had to treat these BuSyB-generated makefiles almost as being blobs in | 
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changeset | 88 themselves: regenerating a makefile from XML magic required major effort, there | 
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changeset | 89 were some bugs in the makefile generation which we couldn't fix and thus we had | 
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changeset | 90 to edit the makefiles manually after each regeneration - it was an utter mess, | 
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changeset | 91 and absolutely not an acceptable way to build a forward-looking, community- | 
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changeset | 92 serving project. | 
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changeset | 93 | 
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changeset | 94 In FC Magnetite I have recreated the relevant parts of the TCS211 build system, | 
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changeset | 95 using Bourne shell magic instead of Java and XML. Just like TI's BuSyB, ours | 
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changeset | 96 is a makefile generation system: in order to compile the firmware in a | 
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changeset | 97 particular desired configuration, you run a shell script to select the config | 
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changeset | 98 you would like. This shell script will create a dedicated build directory tree | 
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changeset | 99 to fully contain this build, and populate it with generated Makefiles and some | 
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changeset | 100 other bits - then you go into the just-created build directory and run make | 
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changeset | 101 there. The source and build trees are thus cleanly separated. See | 
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changeset | 102 doc/Compiling for detailed instructions. | 
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changeset | 103 | 
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changeset | 104 Another key difference from our previous TCS211-based firmware offerings is that | 
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changeset | 105 even though we still have to run TI's compiler binaries under Wine, the Wine | 
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changeset | 106 invokation has been moved from the top (root) of the build process to the | 
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changeset | 107 bottom leaves. With our previous TCS211-based works you would run Wine at the | 
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changeset | 108 top, and then the entire build process would proceed in the Windows environment, | 
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changeset | 109 using Windows versions of make and other nonsense. Not so in FC Magnetite: | 
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changeset | 110 in this firmware project all shell scripts, Makefiles, Perl scripts and other | 
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changeset | 111 build system accessories run at the native Unix level, and Wine is only invoked | 
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changeset | 112 at the lowest level by individual tool wrappers: for example, TI's compiler | 
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changeset | 113 binary cl470.exe is encapsulated in a Unix shell script called cl470 that | 
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changeset | 114 invokes Wine to run the Windows binary, presenting the illusion of a native | 
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changeset | 115 Unix tool to all upper levels. | 
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changeset | 116 | 
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changeset | 117 As yet another defenestration measure, all source files are checked into this | 
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changeset | 118 tree with Unix line endings. | 
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changeset | 119 | 
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changeset | 120 Blob status | 
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changeset | 121 =========== | 
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changeset | 122 | 
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changeset | 123 A long-term FreeCalypso goal is to have our phone/modem firmware rebuild fully | 
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changeset | 124 from source without any blobs, but this goal has not been achieved yet. While | 
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changeset | 125 we do have what *seems* to be a suitable replacement source (or feasible ability | 
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changeset | 126 to reconstruct such) for every piece of TCS211 fw that came in binary-only form, | 
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changeset | 127 actually making this replacement without breaking functionality is a very | 
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changeset | 128 non-trivial endeavor. Our previous attempt to rebuild the firmware from the | 
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changeset | 129 ground up, using source pieces lifted from different available leaks and | 
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changeset | 130 building with gcc so that no TMS470 COFF blobs could be used - see FreeCalypso | 
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changeset | 131 Citrine - has produced only a very limited subset of the original functionality, | 
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changeset | 132 and until very recently even the most basic function of voice calls did not work | 
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changeset | 133 reliably. | 
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changeset | 134 | 
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changeset | 135 Instead the new FreeCalypso firmware approach implemented in FC Magnetite is to | 
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changeset | 136 approach the blob-free goal incrementally. The new Magnetite build system is | 
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changeset | 137 specifically designed to enable the transition from the use of blobs to | 
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changeset | 138 recompilation from source to be made with very fine granularity, down to the | 
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changeset | 139 level of individual object modules within libs if necessary. We tackle one | 
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changeset | 140 binary-only component at a time, either reconstructing the missing source from | 
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changeset | 141 disassembly or adapting the source from a different version as works best in | 
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changeset | 142 each individual case, and we make a test build of the firmware using the | 
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changeset | 143 reconstructed or fitted component instead of the original blob. If the firmware | 
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changeset | 144 still works (doesn't break), we make this deblobbing transition permanent and | 
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changeset | 145 move on to the next component. | 
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changeset | 146 | 
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changeset | 147 See doc/Modem-configs for the current status of the deblobbing effort and for | 
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changeset | 148 the description of the currently available configurations. | 
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changeset | 149 | 
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changeset | 150 Further reading | 
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changeset | 151 =============== | 
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changeset | 152 | 
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changeset | 153 For various instructions and notes specific to this FreeCalypso Magnetite | 
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changeset | 154 firmware, look in the doc directory. For more information about the overall | 
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changeset | 155 FreeCalypso project and our hardware building aspirations, go to our website: | 
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changeset | 156 | 
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changeset | 157 https://www.freecalypso.org/ | 
