FreeCalypso > hg > fc-magnetite

annotate README @ 219:b05dba024f95

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doc/Handset-configs and doc/Modem-configs written
author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Sat, 15 Oct 2016 22:41:38 +0000
parents 75ea63a3fce5
children cae495752cf7
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1 FreeCalypso Magnetite firmware project
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2 ======================================
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3
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4 This source tree contains yet another firmware offering created under the
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5 FreeCalypso umbrella. The key qualities of this firmware offering are:
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6
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7 Negatives:
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8
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9 * Builds with TI's proprietary TMS470 compiler and thus requires Wine;
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10 * Some of the fw components are still in the form of binary blobs -
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11 but see below on the deblobbing progress.
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12
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13 Positives:
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14
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15 * Can be built to run on Motorola C139, Openmoko GTA02 and Pirelli DP-L10
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16 targets, as well as the to-be-built FCDEV3B, all from the same source tree;
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17
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18 * Works as solidly as the TCS211 "golden" reference from TI, on all of the
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19 supported targets - deep sleep works, voice calls work in all codec modes
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20 including AMR, the DSP dynamic download mechanism does its magic, the call
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21 audio passes reliably in both directions.
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22
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23 The present FC Magnetite firmware is built on the principle of starting with
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24 the known working TCS211 code base, without any major restructuring, and making
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25 small incremental evolutionary changes, testing at every step to ensure that
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26 nothing breaks. It is the direct opposite of the "rebuild from the ground up"
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27 approach taken with our previous Citrine firmware aka "gsm-fw".
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28
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29 Functionality
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30 =============
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31
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32 TI's GSM mobile station firmware architecture supports two ways in which the
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33 GSM device may be controlled: via AT commands from an external host and/or via
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34 a local UI on devices with LCD & keypad hardware. (I said "and/or" because the
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35 two mechanisms can coexist.) The code we got from TI (TCS211) is very solid
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36 and mature in the modem configuration (control via AT commands only, no UI, no
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37 battery management, no traditional handset on/off control), but the additional
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38 code layers that are needed for handset products but not for modems are in a
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39 very rough "proof of concept" condition, nowhere close to a usable product.
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40
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41 The same situation currently exists in FreeCalypso Magnetite. As explained
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42 below in the Build system section, a key feature of FC Magnetite is that many
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43 different firmware configurations can be built from the same source tree. One
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44 of the configuration choices is that you can build the fw either with or without
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45 the phone UI layers. The work we have done earlier in the tcs211-c139 side
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46 project (late 2015) has been integrated into Magnetite, properly conditionalized
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47 so that TI's original configuration is fully preserved when the target != c139.
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48 However, if you build the UI-enabled configuration for any target other than
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49 Mot C139, it will compile, but it won't do anything useful: it will try to
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50 display TI's 176x220 pixel color UI on the D-Sample LCD on Calypso chip select
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51 nCS3, but this hardware doesn't exist on any of our supported targets. (The
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52 Pirelli in particular has flash on that chip select instead, so it may interfere
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53 with FFS operation.)
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54
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55 Further work on the handset firmware configuration (UI, battery management and
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56 other currently missing functionality required for a usable phone) will have to
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57 wait until we build our own Handset Motherboard Prototype (HSMBP) with a 176x220
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58 pixel 16-bit color LCD, replicating TI's D-Sample - I personally am not too
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59 interested in doing this handset fw work on the very crippled Mot C139 or on
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60 the Pirelli with its own host of issues, although others in the community are
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61 more than welcome to take a shot at it if someone is interested.
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62
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63 Until then, the primary current focus of the FC Magnetite project is the
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64 AT-command-controlled modem configuration. Both TI's original modem fw (TCS211)
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65 and our recreation thereof in this Magnetite project support not only voice
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66 calls and SMS, but also CSD, fax and GPRS. However, before we can really
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67 exercise this functionality, we need to first build our long-overdue FCDEV3B
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68 hardware. TI's standard fw architecture (kept unchanged in FC Magnetite)
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69 assumes the availability of two UARTs: the modem UART presents a classic AT
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70 command interface which includes the CSD, fax and GPRS functionality, whereas
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71 the 2nd IrDA UART carries the debug trace channel (RVTMUX) essential for
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72 developers. However, only one UART is practically accessible on Mot C139 and
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73 Pirelli DP-L10 targets; because we could not give up RVTMUX, we gave up the
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74 classic AT command UART channel instead. We have implemented a mechanism for
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75 passing AT commands over RVTMUX, but this mechanism works only for the voice
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76 and SMS AT commands, not CSD, fax or GPRS. Therefore, the latter functionality
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77 remains inaccessible until we build our own proper Calypso board with both
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78 UARTs brought out.
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79
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80 Build system
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81 ============
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82
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83 Even though FC Magnetite is essentially unchanged TCS211 code base and builds
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84 using TI's proprietary TMS470 compiler under Wine, the build system is entirely
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85 new. TI's TCS211 build system, called BuSyB, works by way of a Java tool
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86 generating a customized makefile for each desired build configuration, based on
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87 lots of magic contained in a big repository of XML files. There are a bunch of
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88 Perl scripts involved as well. The Java tool that does the heavy lifting exists
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89 only as compiled Java bytecode sans source, and the surrounding Perl scripts
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90 aren't very understandable either. And the whole thing thoroughly assumes a
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91 Windows environment (drive letters, backslashes, case-insensitive file system)
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92 throughout. As a result, when working with TCS211 fw with its original build
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93 system, we had to treat these BuSyB-generated makefiles almost as being blobs in
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94 themselves: regenerating a makefile from XML magic required major effort, there
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95 were some bugs in the makefile generation which we couldn't fix and thus we had
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96 to edit the makefiles manually after each regeneration - it was an utter mess,
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97 and absolutely not an acceptable way to build a forward-looking, community-
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98 serving project.
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99
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100 In FC Magnetite I have recreated the relevant parts of the TCS211 build system,
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101 using Bourne shell magic instead of Java and XML. Just like TI's BuSyB, ours
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102 is a makefile generation system: in order to compile the firmware in a
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103 particular desired configuration, you run a shell script to select the config
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104 you would like. This shell script will create a dedicated build directory tree
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105 to fully contain this build, and populate it with generated Makefiles and some
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106 other bits - then you go into the just-created build directory and run make
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107 there. The source and build trees are thus cleanly separated. See
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108 doc/Compiling for detailed instructions.
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109
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110 Another key difference from our previous TCS211-based firmware offerings is that
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111 even though we still have to run TI's compiler binaries under Wine, the Wine
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112 invokation has been moved from the top (root) of the build process to the
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113 bottom leaves. With our previous TCS211-based works you would run Wine at the
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114 top, and then the entire build process would proceed in the Windows environment,
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115 using Windows versions of make and other nonsense. Not so in FC Magnetite:
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116 in this firmware project all shell scripts, Makefiles, Perl scripts and other
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117 build system accessories run at the native Unix level, and Wine is only invoked
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118 at the lowest level by individual tool wrappers: for example, TI's compiler
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119 binary cl470.exe is encapsulated in a Unix shell script called cl470 that
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120 invokes Wine to run the Windows binary, presenting the illusion of a native
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121 Unix tool to all upper levels.
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122
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123 As yet another defenestration measure, all source files are checked into this
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124 tree with Unix line endings.
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125
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126 Blob status
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127 ===========
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128
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129 A long-term FreeCalypso goal is to have our phone/modem firmware rebuild fully
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130 from source without any blobs, but this goal has not been achieved yet. While
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131 we do have what *seems* to be a suitable replacement source (or feasible ability
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132 to reconstruct such) for every piece of TCS211 fw that came in binary-only form,
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133 actually making this replacement without breaking functionality is a very
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134 non-trivial endeavor. Our previous attempt to rebuild the firmware from the
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135 ground up, using source pieces lifted from different available leaks and
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136 building with gcc so that no TMS470 COFF blobs could be used - see FreeCalypso
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137 Citrine - has produced only a very limited subset of the original functionality,
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138 and until very recently even the most basic function of voice calls did not work
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139 reliably.
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140
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141 Instead the new FreeCalypso firmware approach implemented in FC Magnetite is to
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142 approach the blob-free goal incrementally. The new Magnetite build system is
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143 specifically designed to enable the transition from the use of blobs to
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144 recompilation from source to be made with very fine granularity, down to the
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145 level of individual object modules within libs if necessary. We tackle one
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146 binary-only component at a time, either reconstructing the missing source from
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147 disassembly or adapting the source from a different version as works best in
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148 each individual case, and we make a test build of the firmware using the
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149 reconstructed or fitted component instead of the original blob. If the firmware
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150 still works (doesn't break), we make this deblobbing transition permanent and
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151 move on to the next component.
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152
219
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153 See doc/Modem-configs for the current status of the deblobbing effort and for
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154 the description of the currently available configurations.
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155
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156 Further reading
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157 ===============
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158
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159 For various instructions and notes specific to this FreeCalypso Magnetite
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160 firmware, look in the doc directory. For more information about the overall
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161 FreeCalypso project and our hardware building aspirations, go to our website:
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162
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163 https://www.freecalypso.org/