FreeCalypso > hg > fc-magnetite

annotate README @ 373:9399a83cb394

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first round of documentation updates for 2018
author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Thu, 11 Jan 2018 22:44:09 +0000
parents cae495752cf7
children 56ac93768594
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1 FreeCalypso Magnetite firmware project
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2 ======================================
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3
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4 As of A.D. 2018, FC Magnetite is the primary official Calypso firmware source
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5 tree for the FreeCalypso family of projects. This maintained and evolving
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6 source can be built in many different configurations for several different
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7 hardware targets, and is currently used in the following ways:
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8
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9 * The official production firmwares for our fully supported GSM+GPRS modem
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10 products (FCDEV3B and the modem part of Openmoko devices) are built from
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11 this source tree. See doc/Modem-configs for this mode of usage.
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12
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13 * The work in progress toward a future complete FreeCalypso phone handset
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14 (also known as a Libre Dumbphone) is being done in this source tree.
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15 See doc/Handset-goal for more info about this project direction.
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16
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17 * One can play with FreeCalypso and get a taste for it using certain hardware
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18 that used to be readily available and which most people in the phone hacking
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19 scene already have: Motorola C139 and Pirelli DP-L10. Firmware images of the
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20 "hacking toy" sort can be built for both of these models from the present
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21 source tree, and one can exercise most of the functions and capabilities of
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22 FreeCalypso (with the notable exception of CSD and GPRS) on this historical
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23 but available-to-most-people hardware. See doc/C139-Howto, doc/Pirelli-Howto
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24 and doc/Voice-pseudo-modem for more information.
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25
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26 Functionality
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27 =============
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28
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29 TI's GSM mobile station firmware architecture supports two ways in which the
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30 GSM device may be controlled: via AT commands from an external host and/or via
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31 a local UI on devices with LCD & keypad hardware. (I said "and/or" because the
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32 two mechanisms can coexist.) The code we got from TI (TCS211) is very solid
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33 and mature in the modem configuration (control via AT commands only, no UI, no
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34 battery management, no traditional handset on/off control), but the additional
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35 code layers that are needed for handset products but not for modems came in a
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36 very rough "proof of concept" condition, nowhere close to a usable product.
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37
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38 In FC Magnetite we further maintain and support the solid code base we got for
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39 the modem functionality, and we are also working to improve the support for
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40 handset products and bring it into a practically usable state. We have already
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41 implemented an entirely new battery charging and discharge monitoring driver
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42 that actually works on our target hw (of the two we got from TI, one was
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43 bitrotten and the other was designed for charging hardware that is quite
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44 different from what we are working with), and we shall hopefully start working
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45 on the UI soon - see doc/Handset-goal for more info.
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46
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47 Both TI's original modem fw (TCS211) and our recreation thereof in this
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48 Magnetite project support not only voice calls and SMS, but also CSD, fax and
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49 GPRS. This advanced functionality is fully supported on our own GSM MS
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50 development board (FCDEV3B), where both Calypso UARTs are presented directly to
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51 the developer, as well as on the embedded Calypso modem in Openmoko GTA01/02
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52 smartphones, where the AT command channel with CSD, fax and GPRS capabilities
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53 is connected to the phone's application processor.
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54
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55 Build system
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56 ============
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57
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58 Even though FC Magnetite is essentially unchanged TCS211 code base and builds
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59 using TI's proprietary TMS470 compiler under Wine, the build system is entirely
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60 new. TI's TCS211 build system, called BuSyB, works by way of a Java tool
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61 generating a customized makefile for each desired build configuration, based on
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62 lots of magic contained in a big repository of XML files. There are a bunch of
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63 Perl scripts involved as well. The Java tool that does the heavy lifting exists
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64 only as compiled Java bytecode sans source, and the surrounding Perl scripts
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65 aren't very understandable either. And the whole thing thoroughly assumes a
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66 Windows environment (drive letters, backslashes, case-insensitive file system)
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67 throughout. As a result, when working with TCS211 fw with its original build
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68 system, we had to treat these BuSyB-generated makefiles almost as being blobs in
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69 themselves: regenerating a makefile from XML magic required major effort, there
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70 were some bugs in the makefile generation which we couldn't fix and thus we had
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71 to edit the makefiles manually after each regeneration - it was an utter mess,
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72 and absolutely not an acceptable way to build a forward-looking, community-
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73 serving project.
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74
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75 In FC Magnetite I have recreated the relevant parts of the TCS211 build system,
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76 using Bourne shell magic instead of Java and XML. Just like TI's BuSyB, ours
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77 is a makefile generation system: in order to compile the firmware in a
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78 particular desired configuration, you run a shell script to select the config
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79 you would like. This shell script will create a dedicated build directory tree
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80 to fully contain this build, and populate it with generated Makefiles and some
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81 other bits - then you go into the just-created build directory and run make
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82 there. The source and build trees are thus cleanly separated. See
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83 doc/Compiling for detailed instructions.
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84
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85 Another key difference from our previous TCS211-based firmware offerings is that
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86 even though we still have to run TI's compiler binaries under Wine, the Wine
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87 invokation has been moved from the top (root) of the build process to the
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88 bottom leaves. With our previous TCS211-based works you would run Wine at the
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89 top, and then the entire build process would proceed in the Windows environment,
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90 using Windows versions of make and other nonsense. Not so in FC Magnetite:
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91 in this firmware project all shell scripts, Makefiles, Perl scripts and other
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92 build system accessories run at the native Unix level, and Wine is only invoked
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93 at the lowest level by individual tool wrappers: for example, TI's compiler
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94 binary cl470.exe is encapsulated in a Unix shell script called cl470 that
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95 invokes Wine to run the Windows binary, presenting the illusion of a native
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96 Unix tool to all upper levels.
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97
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98 As yet another defenestration measure, all source files are checked into this
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99 tree with Unix line endings.
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100
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101 Two versions of the G23M protocol stack
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102 =======================================
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103
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104 A major component of all functional firmware configurations is the mass of code
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105 that implements layers 2 and 3 of the GSM+GPRS protocol stack, called G23M. In
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106 FC Magnetite we have the option of using one of two different versions of this
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107 key firmware component:
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108
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109 * The original G23M version from Openmoko: this version is believed to be very
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110 stable because it has been used (successfully to the best of our knowledge)
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111 by Openmoko, and it came from TI's TCS211 program that officially targeted
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112 the Calypso chipset - but it exists only as binary object libraries with no
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113 corresponding source. The lack of source means no ability to change the
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114 feature configuration (what is enabled and what is disabled), very difficult
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115 to debug if something does go wrong - all of the usual problems of software
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116 without source.
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117
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118 * A newer version from TI's TCS3/LoCosto program. This version came to us in
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119 the form of full C source, and because this fw component is chipset-
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120 independent (unlike L1), we have successfully produced a TCS2/TCS3 hybrid in
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121 which the new G23M code from TCS3.2 is grafted onto the chipsetsw foundation
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122 from TCS211, which we have reconstructed into full C source form as well.
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123
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124 Each of the two G23M PS versions also has its own version of the Application
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125 Control Interface (ACI) layer to go with it, which we call aci2 and aci3 -
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126 except that in the case of ACI, we have the full source for both versions.
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127
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128 The new TCS2/TCS3 hybrid config is the way forward, as our goal is to have no
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129 blobs in our firmware - having the full source is a prerequisite for maintaining
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130 a software product. FC Magnetite supports building both configurations in order
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131 to facilitate the transition, and as of this writing, we still need to add a few
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132 bits to the new version of ACI in order to achieve 100% feature parity with
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133 Openmoko.
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134
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135 Other blobs
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136 ===========
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137
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138 The TCS2/TCS3 hybrid firmware is built almost entirely from source; the only
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139 components which are linked in the form of prebuilt libraries are GPF, Nucleus
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140 and the TMS470 compiler's equivalent of libc/libgcc. It needs to be noted that
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141 these components are so stable and configuration-independent that they were
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142 used mostly in prebuilt library form even inside TI. In the case of GPF we've
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143 got the corresponding source for most of the modules within those libs; for the
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144 few modules for which the original source has been lost, we've already done a
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145 rough first-draft reconstruction as part of our previous gcc-built GSM fw
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146 efforts, and we only need to polish this reconstruction in order to have
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147 deblobbed GPF in our mainline production fw. In the case of Nucleus we likewise
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148 have another version of it in full source form which has been proven good in
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149 other FreeCalypso firmware projects.
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150
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151 The planned successor to FC Magnetite (tentative planned name Selenite) will
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152 use the hybrid config for the G23M PS, deblobbed GPF and the source-enabled
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153 version of Nucleus, resulting in blob-free firmware except for the proprietary
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154 TMS470 compiler and its equivalent of libc/libgcc. Transition to building with
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155 gcc (like in FreeCalypso Citrine) will follow afterward, completely exiting the
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156 land of blobs and proprietary build tools.
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157
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158 Further reading
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159 ===============
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160
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161 For various instructions and notes specific to this FreeCalypso Magnetite
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162 firmware, look in the doc directory. For more information about the overall
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163 FreeCalypso project and our hardware building aspirations, go to our website:
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164
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165 https://www.freecalypso.org/